Ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwensimbi ye-electric arc furnace (EAF) kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo sama-electrode e-graphite, kanye nezici eziyinhloko zokushayela ezivela ekusebenzisaneni kwesiqondiso senqubomgomo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesidingo semakethe. Ukuhlaziywa okuqondile kungokulandelayo:
I. Izibopho Eziqhutshwa Yinqubomgomo: Isabelo Esikhulu Sokwenza Insimbi Kwe-EAF Kwandisa Ngokuqondile Isisekelo Sesidingo Sama-Electrode E-Graphite
1. Inqubomgomo Yokushintsha Amandla YaseShayina Ngaphansi Kwemigomo "Yekhabhoni Embili"
I-China ihlela ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokwenza insimbi se-EAF kusuka ku-10% yamanje kuya ku-15%-20% ngo-2025, inqubomgomo ezokhulisa ngqo isidingo sama-electrode e-graphite. Isibonelo, njengoba isidingo esilindelwe sama-electrode e-graphite ekwenzeni insimbi kwe-EAF sifinyelela amathani angu-860,000 ngo-2025, okumele ukwanda konyaka nonyaka cishe ngo-10%, ukwanda kwesidingo kuzokhula kakhulu uma isilinganiso sikhuphuka sifike ku-20%.
2. Ukubuyela Kwesidingo Sensimbi Yomhlaba Wonke kanye Nezingcindezi Zemvelo
Isidingo sensimbi yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke ngo-1.2% kuya ku-1.772 billion wamathani ngo-2025. Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke ezifana nendlela yokulungisa imingcele yekhabhoni ye-EU (CBAM), ukwenza insimbi yesithando somlilo esivamile (ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphezulu ngo-60%-70% kune-EAFs) kubhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuqeda ukusetshenziswa, okwenza ukwamukelwa kabanzi kokwenziwa kwensimbi ye-EAF kube umkhuba womhlaba wonke.
II. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Ama-Electrode e-Graphite Anamandla Aphezulu Kakhulu Njengezinto Eziyinhloko Zokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle kwe-EAF
1. Izidingo Zokusebenza Eziqinile Zama-Electrode E-Graphite Ezinqubweni Ze-EAF
Ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu (UHP), abonakala ngokumelana okuphansi (≤6 μΩ·m) kanye namandla aphezulu okuguquguquka (≥15 MPa), abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-EAF. Njengoba amandla e-arc enyuka, izinqubo zokuncibilikisa zidinga ama-electrode e-graphite anokumelana okuphezulu kwe-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa, okuqhuba ukukhula kwesidingo semikhiqizo ephezulu.
2. Ukwanda Kokugxila Kwemakethe Emikhiqizweni Esezingeni Eliphezulu
Ngo-2025, intengo yama-electrode e-UHP kulindeleke ukuthi idlule i-RMB 18,000 ngethani, kanti isabelo sawo semakethe sikhuphuka sibe ngaphezu kwama-60% wesidingo sonke. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili (isib. i-Fangda Carbon kanye ne-Graftech) zithole isikhundla esiphezulu emakethe ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bodwa, kuyilapho amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) ephuma ngenxa yengcindezi yemvelo kanye nezindleko, okuholela ekukhuleni kokuhlushwa kwemboni phakathi kwabadlali abaphezulu.
III. Abashayeli Besidingo Semakethe: Ukusetshenziswa Okuqinile Ekwenzeni Insimbi ye-EAF kanye Nokwanda Kwemikhakha Esafufusa
1. Izici Zokusetshenziswa Okuqinile Kokwenza Insimbi kwe-EAF
Ukwenza insimbi kwe-EAF kusebenzisa cishe ama-electrode e-graphite angu-1.5-2.5 kg ngethani lensimbi, okubonisa ukuqina okukhulu kwesidingo. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-tonnage kwehle kusuka ku-3.5 kg kuya ku-1.2 kg ngenxa yokwamukelwa okukhulu kwama-EAF (isb., ama-arc furnace kagesi angaphezu kuka-100T) kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuncibilikisa, isidingo sisonke siyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokwandiswa kwamandla.
2. Isidingo Esikhulayo Esivela Emikhakheni Esafufusa
- Umkhakha Omusha Wamandla: Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ze-anode zebhethri le-lithium-ion kuncike emikhiqizweni ye-graphite. Umkhiqizo wezinto ze-anode zomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.625 ngo-2025, kanti iShayina ingaphezu kuka-98%, okubangela isidingo sokucutshungulwa kwe-graphitization electrode ye-graphite.
- Umkhakha We-Semiconductor: Ama-electrode e-graphite anembile kakhulu asetshenziswa ezithandweni zokukhulisa amakristalu kanye nemishini yokuqopha, edinga izinga lokuhlanzeka elingaphezu kuka-99.999%. Isidingo esikhulayo sama-chip e-5G kanye ne-AI senza izinga lokukhula kwesidingo lonyaka lidlule u-15%.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Silicon Yezimboni kanye ne-Phosphorus Ephuzi: Imboni yamakhemikhali idinga ama-electrode anokuqina okuphezulu, lapho ama-electrode e-graphite ebusa khona.
IV. Izinselele Nezimpendulo Zemboni: Ukulungiswa Kwesakhiwo Phakathi Kwezingcindezi Zezindleko Nezithiyo Zemvelo
1. Izindleko Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe Ezikhuphukayo
Ekuqaleni kuka-2025, amanani e-needle coke akhuphuke ngo-RMB 5,500 ngethani phakathi nengxenye yenyanga afinyelela ku-RMB 32,000 ngethani, kuyilapho amanani e-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi edlula i-RMB 7,300 ngethani, okubonisa ukwanda okungu-57% unyaka nonyaka. Izinkampani zinciphisa izindleko ngokuthuthukisa amakhono okukhiqiza i-needle coke ngaphakathi (isb., ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile), okugqamisa inzuzo yokuncintisana yamabhizinisi aholayo.
2. Izinqubomgomo Zemvelo Eziqhuba Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamandla
Imikhawulo yemvelo ezifundeni ezifana neHebei neHenan iholele ekuqineni kokunikezwa kwempahla ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kwezinqubo ze-graphitization kunciphisa ukwanda kwamandla. Izinkampani kumele zisungule uhlelo oluvaliwe "lokukhiqizwa-ukuvuselelwa-ukukhiqiza" ukuze luhambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke njenge-EU CBAM.
Isiphetho: Ukwamukelwa Kwe-EAF Steelmaking Njengenjini Eyinhloko Yokukhula Kwesidingo Se-Graphite Electrode
Iqhutshwa amandla ahlangene emiyalelo yenqubomgomo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesidingo semakethe, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kokwenziwa kwensimbi ye-EAF kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo se-graphite electrode. Naphezu kwezinselele ezifana nokwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhawulo yemvelo, imboni ihlanganisa i-logic yokukhula kwesidingo ngokusebenzisa i-high-endization (isb., ama-electrode e-UHP), ubuhlakani (isb., ubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabili bedijithali), kanye noshintsho oluluhlaza (isb., izinhlelo ze-closed-loop). Uma sibheka phambili, amabhizinisi aholayo anezinqolobane zobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono okuhlanganisa aqondile azobusa umhlaba wemakethe, kuyilapho ukubambisana kwemikhakha ehlukene (isb., i-R&D esebenzisana phakathi kwamabhethri e-graphene nama-electrode) kungasebenza njengezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunqoba izithiyo zokukhula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-20-2025