Ikhabhoni eqinile ephezulu kanye nesibabule esincane, i-nitrogen ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi kubalulekile kuma-carburizing agents, njengoba lezi zinkomba zithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwe-carburing, ikhwalithi yokukhipha kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi ziyimingcele eyinhloko yokuhlola ukusebenza kwama-carburizing agents. Ukuhlaziywa okuqondile kungokulandelayo:
1. Ikhabhoni eqinile kakhulu: Itshe eliyinhloko lekhabhoni landisa ukusebenza kahle
Umsebenzi oyinhloko: I-fixed carbon iyisakhi esisebenzayo esihlanganyela ngempela ekwandeni kwe-carbon esithasiselweni se-carbon, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kunquma ngqo umphumela wokwanda kwe-carbon. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-carbon okuqinile kuphakeme, kulapho izakhi ze-carbon eziningi zinganikezwa khona yi-carbon additive ngeyunithi ngayinye, futhi kulapho ukusebenza kahle kokwengeza i-carbon kuphakeme khona.
Umnotho: Ikhabhoni eqinisiwe ephezulu inganciphisa inani lezithako zekhabhoni ezisetshenzisiwe futhi yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni eqinisiwe kukhushulwa kusuka ku-90% kuya ku-95%, ukusebenza kahle kwekhabhoni kungakhuphuka ngo-10% kuya ku-15%, kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcola okufana nomlotha enqubweni yokuncibilikisa.
Ukuhambisana nenqubo: Ekuncibilikiseni isithando somlilo esingenisiwe, ama-carburizing e-carbon aqinile aphezulu angancibilika ngokushesha futhi asakazeke ngokulinganayo, agweme ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kokubumba okubangelwa ukumuncwa kwe-carbon okungalingani.
2. Okuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi: Kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcola futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilikisa
Ingozi yomlotha: Umlotha ukungcola okungekhona okwekhabhoni ezithasiselweni zekhabhoni (njenge-metal oxides, i-silicates, njll.). Uma okuqukethwe kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu, kuzokwakha ungqimba lwe-slag, kugqume izinhlayiya zekhabhoni futhi kuvimbele ukuncibilika kwazo, kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokumuncwa kwekhabhoni. Isibonelo, lapho okuqukethwe komlotha kukhuphuka kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-5%, izinga lokumuncwa kwekhabhoni lingase lehle ngo-20% kuya ku-30%.
Umthwalo wenqubo: Okuqukethwe komlotha okuphezulu kuzokwandisa nenani le-slag, kwandise isikhathi sokuhlanza i-slag, futhi kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuqina kwabasebenzi. Esithandweni sokungenisa umsele wokuncibilikisa, ukuqongelela komlotha kungavimba umsele wokuncibilikisa futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kukagesi.
Ingozi Yekhwalithi: Ukungcola emlotheni kungangena ezimbotsheni, okubangela amaphutha anjengokubhoboka kanye nemigodi yokuncibilika, okungathinta izakhiwo zemishini kanye nekhwalithi yobuso.
3. I-sulfur ephansi: Igwema ukuphazamiseka kwe-spheroidization futhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwensimbi ephonswe
Izingozi zesulfure: Isulfure “iyinto eyingozi” yensimbi ethambile. Ingaphazamisa umsebenzi wezinto ezibangela i-spheroidizing (njenge-magnesium kanye ne-rare earths), okubangela ukuphambuka kanye nokwehla kwenani lama-graphite sphere, ngisho nokubonakala kwe-flake graphite, okunciphisa kakhulu amandla nokuqina kwe-castings.
Izidingo zenqubo: Lapho kukhiqizwa insimbi ethambile, okuqukethwe kwesalfure ensimbini encibilikisiwe yokuqala kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ku-≤0.015%. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwesalfure kwesithasiselo sekhabhoni kumele kube phansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile ku-≤0.05%) ukuze kugwenywe ingozi yokufakwa kwesalfure.
Okuhlukile kunensimbi empunga: Insimbi empunga idinga okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur okuthile (0.06%-0.12%) ukuze kuzinziswe i-cementite futhi kuvinjelwe ukwanda kwe-graphitization. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kwe-carburizer kusadinga ukulawulwa ngokulinganisela ukuze kugwenywe okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ngokweqile okuholela ekuthambekeleni kwensimbi emhlophe empunga.
4. I-nitrogen ephansi: Ivimbela amaphutha okubhoboka futhi ithuthukise isakhiwo se-metallographic
Ububili be-nitrogen: Ku-grey cast iron, i-nitrogen ingazinzisa i-pearlite futhi igobe futhi ingasebenzi i-graphite, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise izakhiwo zemishini (njengokuqina kokuqina kanye nokuqina). Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen kudlula ukuhlushwa kwe-equilibrium (cishe i-140ppm), ama-castings athambekele ekukhuleni kwama-pores e-nitrogen afana ne-fissure, okuholela ekwandeni kwesilinganiso se-scrap.
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo: Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ye-carburizer esetshenziselwa insimbi empunga ngokuvamile kulawulwa ku-70-120 PPM, kuyilapho kwensimbi ethambile, ezwela kakhulu kuma-porosity, i-carburizer enokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okuphansi (njenge-≤200ppm) kufanele kukhethwe.
Izidingo zokusetshenziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu: Ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ngokunemba njenge-crankshafts zenjini, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okweqile kungaholela ezimpahleni ezingaphansi kwezinga lomshini. Ngakho-ke, izithasiselo zekhabhoni ezine-nitrogen ephansi zibalulekile.
Umthelela ophelele: Isiqinisekiso sokuphonsa esisebenza kahle, sekhwalithi ephezulu neshibhile
Ukwanda kwekhabhoni esebenza kahle kakhulu: Ikhabhoni eqinile kakhulu kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi kuqinisekisa ukuncibilika nokumuncwa kwekhabhoni ngokushesha, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuncibilika.
Ukuphonswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu: I-sulfur ephansi kanye ne-nitrogen ephansi kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwe-spheroidization kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-porosity, okuqinisekisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nekhwalithi yobuso.
Ukulawulwa kwezindleko: Ngokunciphisa inani lezithako zekhabhoni ezisetshenziswayo, ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesilinganiso semikhiqizo enephutha, izindleko zokukhiqiza sezizonke zehle kakhulu.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo
Isithako sekhabhoni ye-graphite: Ikhabhoni engaguquki ≥99%, okuqukethwe komlotha ≤0.5%, isibabule ≤0.05%, i-nitrogen ≤200ppm. Ifanele insimbi ethambile futhi inokusebenza kahle kokwengeza ikhabhoni okungaphezu kuka-90%.
Isengezo sekhabhoni se-anthracite esine-calcined: Ikhabhoni engaguquki engu-90%-95%, umlotha ongu-4%-5%, isibabule esingu-0.3%-0.5%, i-nitrogen engu-800-1200ppm. Ifanele insimbi empunga, kodwa umthamo udinga ukulawulwa ukuze kugwenywe isibabule esiningi kanye ne-nitrogen.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-25-2025