Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-graphitized petroleum coke, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokuqinile lezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo ezibalulekile kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, inqubo ye-graphitization kuya kokwelashwa ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina:
I. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe Nokwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokwelashwa
Okuqukethwe kwe-Sulphur
- Izinga Lokulawula: Okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kwe-petroleum coke eluhlaza kufanele kube ngu-≤0.5%. I-high-sulfur coke ingabangela ukwanda kwegesi ngesikhathi se-graphitization, okuholela ekuqhekekeni komkhiqizo.
- Umthelela: Ukwehla ngakunye okungu-0.1% kokuqukethwe kwesalfure kunciphisa izinga lokuqhekeka komkhiqizo ngo-15%-20% futhi kunciphisa ukumelana nokumelana ngo-5%-8%.
Okuqukethwe Komlotha
- Izinga Lokulawula: Okuqukethwe komlotha kufanele kube ngu-≤0.3%, kanti ukungcola okuyinhloko kungaba ama-oxide ensimbi njengensimbi, i-silicon, ne-calcium.
- Umthelela: Ukwanda ngakunye okungu-0.1% kokuqukethwe komlotha kukhulisa ukumelana komkhiqizo ngo-10%-15% futhi kunciphisa amandla omshini ngo-8%-10%.
Ukusatshalaliswa Kosayizi Wezinhlayiyana
- Izinga Lokulawula: I-coke e-granular kufanele i-≥80%, kuyilapho i-coke eyimpuphu (usayizi wezinhlayiya <0.5 mm) kufanele ibe yi-≤20%.
- Umthelela: I-coke eningi ephuphusiwe ingaholela ekubhakeni ngesikhathi se-calcination, okuthinta ukususwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo; ukufana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-coke e-granular kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-graphitization ngo-5%-10%.
Inqubo Yokubala
- Izinga lokushisa: 1200-1400°C amahora angu-8-12.
- Umsebenzi: Isusa izinto eziguquguqukayo (kusuka ku-8%-15% kuya ku-<1%) futhi yandisa ubuningi beqiniso (kusuka ku-1.9 g/cm³ kuya ku-≥2.05 g/cm³).
- Indawo Yokulawula: Ubuningi bangempela ngemva kokubala kumele bube ≥2.08 g/cm³; ngaphandle kwalokho, ubunzima be-graphitization buyanda, futhi ukumelana kuyakhuphuka.
II. Inqubo Yokwenza I-Graphitization
Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa
- Ipharamitha Eyinhloko: 2800-3000°C, igcinwe amahora angu-48-72.
- Umthelela:
- Njalo lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngo-100°C kwandisa ubukhristalo ngo-5%-8% futhi kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa ngo-3%-5%.
- Izinga lokushisa elinganele (<2700°C) liphumela ekungcoleni kwekhabhoni okungaguquki, kanye nokumelana komkhiqizo >15 μΩ·m; izinga lokushisa elidlulele (>3100°C) lingabangela umonakalo wesakhiwo sekhabhoni.
Ukufana Kwezinga Lokushisa
- Izinga Lokulawula: Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwengaphakathi lesithando kanye nomphetho ≤150°C, ngesikhala se-thermocouple ≤30 cm.
- Umthelela: Njalo uma kuphakama ama-50°C umehluko wokushisa, kwandisa ukuhlukahluka kokumelana kwendawo ngo-10%-15% futhi kunciphisa isivuno somkhiqizo ngo-5%-8%.
Izinga Lokushisa
- Izinga Lokulawula:
- Isigaba sama-25-800°C: ≤3°C/h (ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kokushisa).
- Isigaba sama-800-1250°C: ≤5°C/h (ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sekhabhoni esihleliwe).
- Umthelela: Amazinga okushisa ngokweqile abangela ukuncipha komthamo womkhiqizo okungaphezu kuka-15%, okuholela ekuqhekekeni.
Isimo Esivikelayo
- Izinga Lokulawula: Izinga lokugeleza kwe-nitrogen elingu-0.8-1.2 m³/h, noma ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ye-argon/vacuum.
- Umsebenzi: Vimbela i-oxidation futhi unciphise okuqukethwe kokungcola (isb., okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kwehla kusuka ku-0.5% kuya ku-<0.1%).
III. Ngemva Kokwelashwa Nokuhlanzwa
Izinga Lokupholisa
- Izinga Lokulawula: Izinga lokupholisa elihamba kancane ≤20°C/h ngemva kokufaka i-graphitization.
- Umthelela: Ukupholisa okusheshayo kubangela ukucindezeleka okusele kokushisa, kunciphisa ukumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa komkhiqizo ngo-30%-50%.
Ukuchoboza Nokuhlola
- Izinga Lokulawula: Usayizi wezinhlayiya u-D50 ulawulwa ku-10-20 μm, ngokumbozwa kobuso (isb., i-pitch noma i-chemical vapor deposition) ukufana kobukhulu ≤5%.
- Umsebenzi: Kuthuthukisa ukuma kwezinhlayiya futhi kwandisa ukuminyana komkhiqizo (kusuka ku-0.8 g/cm³ kuya ku-≥1.2 g/cm³).
Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanzwa
- Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Halogen: Igesi ye-Cl₂ isabela ku-1900-2300°C amahora angama-24, inciphisa okuqukethwe kokungcola kube yi-≤50 ppm.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Vacuum: Kugcinwa ku-vacuum engu-10⁻³ Pa amahora angu-50, kufinyelela okuqukethwe kokungcola okuphelele ≤10 ppm (kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu).
IV. Isifinyezo Samaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile
| Ipharamitha | Izinga Lokulawula | Umthelela |
|---|---|---|
| Okuqukethwe kwe-Sulphur | ≤0.5% | Igwema ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukwanda kwegesi; kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa ngo-5%-8% |
| Okuqukethwe Komlotha | ≤0.3% | Kunciphisa ukungcola kwensimbi; kunciphisa ukumelana kwayo ngo-10%-15% |
| Izinga lokushisa le-Graphitization | 2800-3000°C amahora angu-48-72 | Kuthuthukisa ubukristali ngo-5%-8%; kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa ngo-3%-5% |
| Ukufana Kwezinga Lokushisa | Unqenqema lwesithando somlilo温差 ≤150°C | Kuthuthukisa isivuno ngo-5%-8%; kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kokumelana ngo-10%-15% |
| Izinga Lokupholisa | ≤20°C/h | Kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa ngo-30%-50%; kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi |
| Ukuhlanzwa Okuqukethwe Kokungcola | ≤50 ppm (i-halogen), ≤10 ppm (i-vacuum) | Ihlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni eziphezulu (isb., ama-semiconductor, ama-photovoltaics) |
V. Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Neziqondiso Zokuthuthukisa
Ukulawulwa Kwesakhiwo Esicwebezelayo: Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-coke powder engu-0.1-1 μm ukuze uthuthukise i-isotropy futhi unciphise ukumelana ne-resistivity ibe yi-<5 μΩ·m.
Izinhlelo Zokukhiqiza Ezihlakaniphile: Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezishintshashintshayo zensimu yokushisa ezisekelwe ku-digital ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sibe ngu-95%.
Izinqubo Eziluhlaza: Sebenzisa i-hydrogen njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂; sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisa ukushisa okulahliwe ukuze wehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10%-15%.
Ngokulawula ngokuqinile la mapharamitha, i-graphitized petroleum coke ingafinyelela okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-≥99.9%, ukumelana okungu-5-7 μΩ·m, kanye ne-thermal expansion coefficient engu-1.5-2.5×10⁻⁶/°C, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zezicelo zezimboni eziphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 12-2025