Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-graphite ne-carbon?

Umehluko phakathi kwe-graphite ne-carbon phakathi kwezinto ze-carbon usendleleni ikhabhoni eyakheka ngayo endabeni ngayinye. Ama-athomu e-carbon ahlangana ngamaketanga nasemasongo. Kuyo yonke into ye-carbon, kungakhiqizwa ukwakheka okuhlukile kwekhabhoni.

Ikhabhoni ikhiqiza izinto ezithambile kakhulu (i-graphite) kanye nezinto eziqinile kakhulu (idayimane). Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto zekhabhoni usekutheni ikhabhoni yakheka kanjani endabeni ngayinye. Ama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlangana ngamaketanga nasemasongo. Kuyo yonke into yekhabhoni, kungakhiqizwa ukwakheka okuhlukile kwekhabhoni.
Lesi sakhi sinekhono elikhethekile lokwakha izibopho kanye nama-compound ngokwaso, okusinika ikhono lokuhlela nokuhlela kabusha ama-athomu aso. Kuzo zonke izakhi, ikhabhoni ikhiqiza inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-compound - cishe ukwakheka kwezigidi eziyi-10!
I-Carbon inezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa, kokubili njenge-carbon emsulwa kanye ne-carbon compounds. Ngokuyinhloko, isebenza njengama-hydrocarbon ngesimo segesi ye-methane kanye namafutha angcolile. Uwoyela ongahluziwe ungahluzwa ube uphethiloli kanye ne-parafini. Zombili lezi zinto zisebenza njengophethiloli wokufudumala, imishini, kanye nezinye eziningi.
Ikhabhoni nayo inesibopho sokwakha amanzi, into edingekayo empilweni. Iphinde ibe khona njengama-polymer njenge-cellulose (ezitshalweni) kanye namapulasitiki.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-graphite iyi-allotrope yekhabhoni; lokhu kusho ukuthi iyisithako esenziwe ngekhabhoni emsulwa kuphela. Amanye ama-allotrope afaka amadayimane, ikhabhoni engenasimo, kanye namalahle.
I-Graphite” ivela egameni lesiGreki elithi “graphein,” elisho “ukubhala” ngesiNgisi. Yakhiwa lapho ama-athomu e-carbon ehlangana abe amashidi, i-graphite iwuhlobo oluzinzile kakhulu lwe-carbon.
I-Graphite ithambile kodwa inamandla kakhulu. Imelana nokushisa futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyisiqhubi esihle sokushisa. Itholakala emadwaleni ashintshashintshayo, ibonakala njengento yensimbi kodwa engacacile ngombala osukela kompunga omnyama kuya komnyama. I-Graphite inamafutha, isici esenza ibe lubricant enhle.
I-Graphite isetshenziswa futhi njenge-pigment kanye ne-molding agent ekukhiqizeni ingilazi. Ama-reactor enuzi asebenzisa ne-graphite njenge-electron moderator.

Akumangazi ukuthi kungani ikhabhoni ne-graphite kukholakala ukuthi kuyinto eyodwa futhi efanayo; phela zihlobene kakhulu. I-Graphite ivela ku-carbon, futhi ikhabhoni iyakheka ibe yi-graphite. Kodwa ukuzibhekisisa kuzokwenza ubone ukuthi azifani.