Umehluko phakathi kwe-graphite ne-carbon phakathi kwezinto ze-carbon usendleleni eyakha ngayo ikhabhoni endabeni ngayinye. Ama-athomu ekhabhoni abopha ngamaketango namasongo. Kuzo zonke izinto zekhabhoni, ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwekhabhoni kungakhiqizwa.
Ikhabhoni ikhiqiza izinto ezithambile (i-graphite) kanye nento eqinile (idayimane). Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto zekhabhoni usendleleni eyakha ngayo ikhabhoni endabeni ngayinye. Ama-athomu ekhabhoni abopha ngamaketango namasongo. Kuzo zonke izinto zekhabhoni, ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwekhabhoni kungakhiqizwa.
Lesi sakhi sinekhono elikhethekile lokwenza amabhondi nezinhlanganisela ngokwaso, siyinikeze ikhono lokuhlela nokuhlela kabusha ama-athomu ayo. Kuzo zonke izakhi, ikhabhoni ikhiqiza inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezinhlanganisela - cishe ukwakheka okuyizigidi eziyi-10!
Ikhabhoni inokusetshenziswa okunhlobonhlobo okuhlukene, kokubili njengezinhlanganisela zekhabhoni nekhabhoni. Ngokuyinhloko, isebenza njengama-hydrocarbon ngesimo segesi ye-methane namafutha angcolile. Uwoyela ongahluziwe ungachithwa kuphethiloli kanye nophalafini. Zombili lezi zinto zisebenza njengamafutha okufudumala, imishini, nokunye okuningi.
Ikhabhoni nayo inesibopho sokwenza amanzi, inhlanganisela edingekayo ekuphileni. Ikhona futhi njengama-polymers njenge-cellulose (ezitshalweni) namapulasitiki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-graphite iyi-allotrope ye-carbon; lokhu kusho ukuthi into eyenziwe ngekhabhoni emsulwa kuphela. Amanye ama-allotropes ahlanganisa idayimane, i-amorphous carbon, namalahle.
I-graphite” ivela egameni lesiGreki elithi “graphein,” ngesiNgisi elisho “ukubhala.” Yakheka lapho ama-athomu e-carbon ehlangana namanye abe amashidi, i-graphite iwuhlobo oluzinzile lwekhabhoni.
I-graphite ithambile kodwa inamandla kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-conductor yokushisa enhle. Itholakala emadwaleni e-metamorphic, ibonakala njengento eyinsimbi kodwa e-opaque kumbala osukela kokumpunga okumnyama kuya kokumnyama. I-graphite inamafutha, isici esiyenza ibe okokugcoba okuhle.
I-graphite iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-pigment kanye ne-ejenti yokubumba ekukhiqizeni ingilazi. Ama-nuclear reactors nawo asebenzisa i-graphite njengomengameli we-electron.
Akumangazi ukuthi kungani kukholakala ukuthi ikhabhoni negraphite kuyafana; bahlobene phela. I-graphite ivela ku-carbon, futhi i-carbon yenza i-graphite. Kodwa uma uwabhekisisa uyobona ukuthi awafani.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-04-2020