Iyiphi ithonya isakhiwo esincane se-petroleum coke (esifana nenaliti, esifana ne-spongy, nesifana ne-pellet) esinalo esilinganisweni sokuncipha kwe-calcination kanye nobuningi beqiniso?

1. I-Needle Coke: Isibonelo Esivamile Sokuncipha Okuphansi kanye Nobuningi Beqiniso Obuphezulu

• Izici Zesakhiwo: I-Needle coke ikhombisa isakhiwo esine-fiber noma eside esinezimbobo ezinde ze-elliptical ezihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Lesi sakhiwo sibonisa ikhono elihle kakhulu lokuqina ngesikhathi se-calcination.
• Ukuncipha kwe-Calcination:
  • I-Needle coke inesilinganiso sokuncibilika esiphansi, ngokuvamile sisukela ku-10% kuya ku-20%. Isakhiwo sayo se-fibrous sifinyelela ukuncibilika ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwama-molecule kanye nokuvalwa kwama-pore ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, kuyilapho ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwama-pore kunciphisa isikhala sokuncibilika okungahlelekile, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izinga lokuncibilika lilonke.
  • Isibonelo, ekushiseni kwe-1300°C, ukuncishiswa kwevolumu ye-needle coke kungaba yingxenye nje ye-sponge coke, ngenxa yekhono layo lokusabalalisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa ngokulinganayo.
• Ubuningi Bangempela:
  • I-Needle coke inobuningi obukhulu beqiniso, ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-2.10–2.15 g/cm³. Lokhu kubonisa izinga layo eliphezulu le-graphitization kanye nesakhiwo sekristalu esiminyene, esihlobene eduze nokuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwezingqimba zekhabhoni esakhiweni sayo esine-fibrous.
  • Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ubuningi be-needle coke buphakeme cishe ngo-5%–10% kunobe-sponge coke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwakheka kanye nokuqina kwe-carbon layer stacking.

2. I-Sponge Coke: Isibonelo Esivamile Sokuncipha Okuphezulu Nobuningi Beqiniso Obuphansi

• Izici Zesakhiwo: I-Sponge coke inesakhiwo esifana nesiponji esinezimbobo ezincane nezisakazekile, izindonga ezincane nezithambile.
• Ukuncipha kwe-Calcination:
  • I-Sponge coke ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika, ngokuvamile lisukela ku-30% kuya ku-50%. Isakhiwo sayo esinezimbobo esingahlelekile sivame ukubhidlika kwezimbobo ngesikhathi se-calcination ngenxa yokukhululwa okuguqukayo kanye nokuhlushwa kokucindezeleka kokushisa, okuholela ekuncibilikeni okukhulu.
  • Isibonelo, ekushiseni okungu-1200°C, ukuncishiswa kwevolumu ye-sponge coke kungadlula u-40%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-needle coke.
• Ubuningi Bangempela:
  • I-sponge coke inobuningi obuphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-1.90 no-2.05 g/cm³. Lokhu kubangelwa inani elikhulu lama-residue pores kanye nokuhlelwa okungahlelekile kwezingqimba zekhabhoni esakhiweni sayo, okuholela ezifweni eziningi zekristalu.
  • Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-needle coke, ubuningi bangempela be-sponge coke bungaba ngaphansi ngo-10%–15%, ngenxa yokungaminyani ngokwanele.

3. I-Shot Coke: Isimo Esiphakathi Esinokuncipha Okumaphakathi Nobuningi Beqiniso

• Izici Zesakhiwo: I-shot coke ibonakala iyindilinga noma ifana ne-pellet, inobuso obuqinile kanye nezikhala ezimbalwa, okumelela isakhiwo esiphakathi kwe-needle coke kanye ne-sponge coke.
• Ukuncipha kwe-Calcination:
  • I-Shot coke ngokuvamile inezinga lokuncibilika elisukela ku-20% kuya ku-30%. Isakhiwo sayo esiyindilinga sincibilika ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso ngesikhathi se-calcination, kodwa ukugoba kwangaphakathi okulinganiselwe kuvimbela ubukhulu bokuncibilika.
  • Isibonelo, ekucwilisweni kwe-1250°C, ukuncishiswa kwevolumu ye-shot coke kungaba ngu-25%, okuwela phakathi kwe-needle coke ne-sponge coke.
• Ubuningi Bangempela:
  • I-shot coke ngokuvamile inobuningi bangempela obuphakathi kuka-2.00 no-2.10 g/cm³. Ukuqina kwayo kwesakhiwo kuphakeme kune-sponge coke kodwa kuphansi kune-needle coke, okuholela ekuqineni kwangempela okuphakathi.
  • Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ubuningi bangempela be-shot coke buphakeme cishe ngo-5% kunobe-sponge coke kodwa buphansi ngo-3%–5% kunobe-needle coke.

Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kobudlelwano Besakhiwo Nempahla

• Indlela Yokunciphisa:
  • Isakhiwo esihlelekile se-needle coke sinciphisa izindlela zokushwabana ezingahlelekile, sinciphise izinga lokushwabana kwayo; isakhiwo esinezimbobo ezingahlelekile se-sponge coke siholela ekushwabaneni okukhulu ngenxa yokuwa kwezimbobo; isakhiwo esiyindilinga se-shot coke sifinyelela ekushwabaneni okulinganiselwe ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso.
• Indlela Yokuqina Kwangempela:
  • Ubuningi beqiniso buhlobene ngqo nokuqina kwesakhiwo sekristalu. Ukuhlelwa kwesendlalelo sekhabhoni okuhlelekile kanye nobukhulu obuphansi besici se-needle coke kuholela ekuqineni okuphezulu kweqiniso; isakhiwo esiphazamisekile kanye nezikhala ezisele ze-sponge coke kunciphisa ubuningi beqiniso; i-shot coke ibonisa izakhiwo eziphakathi.
• Izincomo Zokuthuthukisa Inqubo:
  • Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuncishiswa okuphansi kanye nobuningi beqiniso obuphezulu (isb., ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu), i-needle coke iyathandwa;
  • Ezinhlelweni ezibiza kakhulu ezinezidingo zokusebenza eziphansi (isb., uphethiloli), i-sponge coke noma i-shot coke ingafaneleka kakhulu;
  • Ukulungisa izinga lokushisa le-calcination (isb., ngaphezu kuka-1300°C) kanye nesilinganiso sokushisa (isb., ngaphansi kuka-50°C/min) kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuminyana kwangempela kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-needle coke.