Ziqhutshwa yimigomo yaseShayina ethi “i-dual carbon” (ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu le-carbon kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon), izinqubomgomo zemvelo zibe nomthelela omkhulu embonini ye-graphite electrode, ezibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezine: ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo semakethe, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuncintisana okuthuthukisiwe kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kungokulandelayo:
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni: Ukuqeda Amandla Aphelelwe Yisikhathi Nokukhuthaza Ukufakwa Kwezimboni Endaweni Ephakathi
Ukukhulisa Imingcele Yezemvelo
Izinqubomgomo ziye zaphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngezinyathelo ezifana nokulawula ngokuqinile izimayini ezingalawulwa kanye nokuqeda amandla aphelelwe yisikhathi. Isibonelo, amabhizinisi amancane asebenzisa amandla amaningi kanye nokungcola aphoqelelwe ukuvala ngenxa yokungakwazi kwawo ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo, kuyilapho izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezinezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezinobungani nemvelo kanye namakhono okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephezulu (isib. iFangda Carbon) zikhulise isabelo sazo semakethe. Ngo-2025, ukuhlushwa kwemboni kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule u-60%, okukhuthaza imodeli yokuthuthukiswa ebanzi futhi ejulile.
Ukusheshisa Ukuguquka Okuluhlaza
Amabhizinisi kudingeka asungule uhlelo oluvaliwe “lokuvuselela ukukhiqiza nokuvuselela.” Isibonelo, amazinga okubuyisa uthuli lwe-graphite kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-99.9%, kanti ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla okushisa imfucuza yokubhaka buzovuselela u-35% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kuhambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke njengentela yemingcele yekhabhoni ye-EU. Izinqubomgomo ziphinde zisebenzise izindlela ezifana nezintela zemvelo kanye nokuhweba ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ukuze kuqhutshwe ushintsho kusuka ekukhuleni “kwesivinini sesikali” kuya ekukhuleni “kokusebenza kahle kwekhwalithi”.
2. Ukulungiswa Kwesakhiwo Semakethe: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesidingo Nokuthuthukiswa Kokunikezwa Kwempahla
Ukwanda Kwesidingo Sokwenza Insimbi Yesithando Somlilo Se-Electric Arc (EAF)
Ukwenza insimbi kwe-EAF, inqubo yokugeleza okufushane lapho ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezine kuphela yalezo ezivela ekwenzeni insimbi ye-blast furnace, kubalulekile ekufezeni imigomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" yemboni yensimbi. Izinqubomgomo ziphoqelela ukwandisa isabelo sensimbi ekhiqizwa yi-EAF kusuka ku-10% kuya ku-15%-20% ngo-2025, okukhulisa ngqo isidingo sama-electrode e-graphite. Ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani lensimbi, abe yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe, eqhuba izakhiwo zomkhiqizo ziye emandleni aphezulu amandla.
Ukwanda Kwemikhakha Esafufusa
Izicelo ze-graphite electrode zikhule ngale kwezimboni zensimbi nezekhemikhali zendabuko zaya ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengamandla amasha (isb., amabhethri e-graphene) kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-graphene buthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrode kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, kuyilapho ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela ukulawulwa okunembile kwezakhiwo ezincane ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
3. Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukunqoba Izithiyo Nokuthuthukisa Ukuncintisana Komhlaba Wonke
Ukutholakala Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Ama-electrode e-graphite aphezulu athembele ku-needle coke engenisiwe (enezinga lokutholakala kwasekhaya elingaphansi kuka-50%). Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo ye-R&D kukhuthaze intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, lapho amabhizinisi andisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze athuthukise ikhwalithi ye-needle coke ekhiqizwe ekhaya futhi afinyelele izinzuzo zezindleko, okunciphisa ukuthembela ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okuhlakaniphile Nokwedijithali
Ubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabili bedijithali buvumela ukulingiswa okunamandla kwamapharamitha enqubo, kufinyelela ukunemba okungaphezu kuka-90% ekubikezeleni amaphutha okusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumelanisa nezimo, ezifakwe izinzwa zokukhipha umsindo, ziqapha izimo zokusika ngesikhathi sangempela, ngokunemba kokunciphisa amaphutha okufinyelela ku-0.1μm. Lezi zinto ezintsha zifinyeze imijikelezo yokucubungula ngo-20% futhi zaphakamisa amazinga okukhiqiza umkhiqizo angaphezu kuka-98%, okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
4. Ukuncintisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukubhekana Nezithiyo Zokuhweba Nokwandisa Izimakethe Zomhlaba Wonke
Ukubuyiselwa Kwemakethe Yokuthumela Ngaphandle Nokuhlukahluka
Naphezu kokwehla okungaba khona ngo-10%-15% kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu nase-US ngenxa yophenyo olumelene nokulahla izimpahla ngo-2025, amabhizinisi anciphisa izingozi ngokwandisa ezimakethe ezisafufusa njengeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nokusungula izisekelo zokukhiqiza zasendaweni. Ukubamba iqhaza ekubekeni amazinga omhlaba wonke (isb., amazinga okuhlola i-ISO graphite electrode) kuqinise nethonya lobuchwepheshe kanye nesithombe somhlaba wonke.
Isakhiwo Somkhiqizo Oluhlaza
Ezinye izinkampani ziye zakha izinhlobo ze-electrode ze-graphite ezinekhabhoni ephansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo samazwe ngamazwe semikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo. Isibonelo, ukushicilela imibiko ye-ESG kanye nokuzibandakanya ezimakethe zokuhweba ngekhabhoni kuye kwathuthukisa ukuqashelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, kwanikeza abashayeli abasha bokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Isiphetho: Ukulinganisela Izinselele Namathuba, Ukuqhubekela Entuthukweni Ephakeme Neluhlaza
Nakuba izinqubomgomo zemvelo ziye zaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ziye zaletha nezinselele ezifana nokwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kokwenziwa kwensimbi kwe-EAF, ukwanda kwezimboni zamandla amasha, kanye nezidingo zokunemba ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor kudale ithuba lemakethe eliyizigidigidi zama-yuan. Esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi aholayo anezindawo zokugcina ubuchwepheshe kanye nezintambo zokuhlinzeka ezihlanganisiwe azobusa imakethe, kuyilapho ukubambisana kwemikhakha ehlukene (isb., i-R&D ehlanganisiwe phakathi kwamabhethri e-graphene nama-electrode) kungase kuvele njengesihluthulelo sokunqoba izithiyo zokukhula. Imiphumela yokusebenzisana yesiqondiso senqubomgomo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesidingo semakethe kushintsha kabusha uhlelo lwezimboni lwe-graphite electrode lomhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-13-2025