Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha uthuli lwe-graphite kanye nama-electrode angcolile?

Izindlela Zokwelapha Eziphelele Zama-Electrode Othuli Nokungcola Kwe-Graphite

I. Ukwelashwa Kothuli Lwe-Graphite: Ukusebenzisana Kobuchwepheshe Obuningi Bokuphatha Okusebenzayo

1. Ubuchwepheshe Bokulawula Nokuthwebula Umthombo

  • Inqubo Evaliwe Nama-Hood Avaliwe: Faka ama-hood avaliwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza uthuli (isb., ukuchoboza, ukuhlunga, ukuhambisa) kuhlanganiswe nezihlungi zezikhwama ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (isb., abaqoqi bothuli abahlanganisiwe bezikhwama ze-electrostatic). Lokhu kunciphisa ukugcwala kokukhiqiza uthuli kusuka ku-2,000–3,000 mg/m³ kuya ekugcwaleni kokukhishwa okungu-20–30 mg/m³, okufeza ukusebenza kahle kokususa uthuli okungu-99%.
  • Imishini Yokususa Uthuli Engaqhumi: Njengoba uthuli lwe-graphite luhamba kahle futhi lusengozini yokuqhuma, sebenzisa abaqoqi bothuli abangaqhumi (isb., abahlukanisi beziphepho abahlanganiswe nezihlungi zezikhwama ezingaqhumi) ukuze unciphise izingozi zokuqhuma lapho zixutshwa nezinto ezivuthayo.
  • Izinhlelo Zokuqoqa Uthuli Olumanzi: Sebenzisa izifutho zesisombululo ezisekelwe emanzini ukuze ulungise izinhlayiya zothuli, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Qaphela: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ze-electrode zomile (isb., 60–80°C kuhhavini we-convection ihora eli-1) ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kukawoyela we-dielectric.

2. Ukulawulwa Kokuhlanzwa Komoya Nokukhishwa Kwegesi

  • Inqubo Yokuhlanza Izigaba Eziningi: Ukupholisa ukukhishwa komoya oshisayo okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa ama-heat exchanger, bese kuwudlulisa ngokulandelana ngokusebenzisa i-cyclone separator (yezinhlayiya ezinkulu), i-alkaline scrubber (ukuqeda amagesi ane-acidic), kanye nombhoshongo wokufaka i-carbon esebenzayo (wokususa i-VOC). Ukukhishwa kokugcina kwenzeka nge-stack yokukhishwa komoya engamamitha ayi-15, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-Izinga Lokukhipha Ukungcola Komoya Kwemithombo Ejwayelekile(GB 16297-1996).
  • Ukuqapha Nokwenza Kahle Ku-inthanethi: Faka izinzwa zezinto ezincane kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-VOC ukuze ulungise ngokuguquguqukayo amapharamitha afana ne-pH yesisombululo se-scrubber kanye nezikhawu zokufaka esikhundleni sekhabhoni esebenzayo, ugcine ukuhlushwa kokukhishwa ngaphansi kuka-120 mg/m³.

3. Izinyathelo Zokulawula Ezisizayo

  • Ukufumisa Izinto: Faka izinto zokucindezela uthuli (isb. isixazululo se-polyacrylamide) ezinqolobaneni zensimbi kanye namachibi asemuva, ugcine umswakama womphezulu ku-6-8% ukuze unciphise uthuli oluphumayo.
  • Ukugcinwa Kwemishini Nokuvikelwa Kwabasebenzi: Hlanza njalo izikhwama zokuhlunga, hlola izivalo zamapayipi, bese uhlomisa abaqhubi ngemishini yokuphefumula ye-N95 kanye nezingubo ezingangeni uthuli ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa emsebenzini.

II. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Waste Graphite Electrode: Ukulinganisela Ukubuyiswa Kwezinsizakusebenza Nokulahlwa Kwemvelo

1. Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Komzimba

  • Ukuhlunga Nokuhlanza: Hlukanisa ama-electrode ngohlobo (isb., amandla ajwayelekile, amandla aphezulu), susa ukungcola kwamafutha angaphezulu kanye nensimbi, bese uhlanza usebenzisa imishini ye-ultrasonic (imvamisa engu-40 kHz) imizuzu eyi-10-15.
  • Ukuchoboza Nokuhluza: Sebenzisa ama-jaw crushers ukunciphisa ama-electrode abe yizinhlayiya ezingu-≤50 mm, bese uhlinza ngezikrini ezidlidlizayo. Gcina izinhlayiya ezingu-5–50 mm ukuze kukhiqizwe i-electrode evuselelwe.

2. Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali Nokuvuselelwa Kwawo

  • Ukwenziwa kwe-Graphitization Yokushisa Okuphezulu: Shisa izinhlayiya esithandweni se-graphitization ku-2,800–3,000°C amahora angu-4–6 ukuze kususwe ukungcola okuguquguqukayo (isb., isibabule, i-nitrogen), kukhushulwe okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaguquki kube ngu-≥99.5%.
  • Ukumuncwa kwe-asidi ukuze kususwe ukungcola: Cwilisa izinhlayiya ezichotshoziwe ku-15–20% hydrochloric acid ku-80–90°C amahora ama-2 ukuze ususe ukungcola kwe-aluminium, insimbi, nokunye kwensimbi. Hlukanisa i-filtrate ngaphambi kokukhipha.

3. Ukuvuselelwa Okukhethekile Kwe-Alloy Electrode

  • Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Platinum-Iridium Electrode: Kuma-electrode ebanga lezokwelapha aqukethe ama-platinum-iridium alloys, ncibilikisa i-platinum ku-aqua regia (80°C amahora ama-3). Khipha i-iridium nge-electrolysis kasawoti oncibilikisiwe (uhlelo lwe-NaCl-KCl ku-700°C) bese ucwenga kokubili kube ubumsulwa obungu-99.99% usebenzisa ukuncibilika kwendawo.
  • Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Electrode Esekelwe Ethusini: Cwilisa ama-electrode e-copper-graphite angcolile, uhlukanise i-graphite (ubuningi: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) kanye ne-copper powder (ubuningi: 8.9 g/cm³) ngokuflotha, bese ucwengisisa i-copper powder ibe yi-copper emsulwa kakhulu nge-electrolysis (ubuningi bamanje: 200 A/m²).

III. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezomnotho kanye Nezifundo Zemboni

1. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindleko Nezinzuzo

  • Izihlungi Zezikhwama: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala: ~¥500,000; izindleko zokusebenza: ¥0.2/m³ yegesi yokukhipha umoya. Ifanele amabhizinisi amakhulu e-graphite electrode (umthamo wokukhipha umoya waminyaka yonke ≥100,000 m³).
  • Izinhlelo Zokuqoqa Uthuli Olumanzi: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini: ¥200,000; izindleko zesisombululo esisekelwe emanzini: ¥0.5/ton yamanzi angcolile. Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezincane kuya kweziphakathi.
  • Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Waste Electrode: Ithani ngalinye likhiqiza i-graphite engu-850 kg (inani elingu-¥3,000) kanye nezinsimbi ezingu-150 kg (inani elingu-¥5,000), okukhiqiza imali engenayo engu-¥8,000. Isikhathi sokubuyisela imali: iminyaka engu-1.5–2.

2. Izifundo Zemboni

  • Ibhizinisi Elihamba Phambili Le-Graphite Electrode: Lamukele uhlelo lwe-“静电袋式除尘器 (isihlungi sesikhwama se-electrostatic) + umbhoshongo wokufaka i-carbon osebenzayo”, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya kusuka ku-2,000 mg/m³ kuya ku-15 mg/m³ futhi lafinyelela ekususweni kwe-VOC okungu-95%. Izinhlawulo zemvelo zonyaka zincishiswe ngo-¥2 million.
  • Isitshalo Sokuvuselela Ama-Electrode Ezokwelapha: Ama-alloy e-platinum-iridium atholiwe afinyelela ku-99.99% ubumsulwa nge-electrolysis kasawoti oncibilikisiwe, asetshenziswa ngqo ekukhiqizeni i-pacemaker. Kugcinwe ama-¥1.2 million ngethani lama-electrode amdaka ezindlekweni zezinto zokusetshenziswa.

IV. Iziqondiso Zenqubomgomo Nezokulawula

  • Izindinganiso Zokukhipha Ukungcola: LandelaIzinga Lokukhishwa Kokungcola Kwemboni Ye-Graphite(GB 31573-2015), ephoqelela ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane ≤30 mg/m³ kanye nama-VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
  • Izikhuthazo Zokuthola Izinsiza: Khuthaza ukwamukelwa kweImininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Yokusebenzisa Kabusha Imfucuza I-Graphite Electrodes(GB/T 35164-2017) ngezikhuthazo zentela (isb., imbuyiselo ye-VAT engu-70% yemikhiqizo ye-graphite evuselelwe).
  • Imithetho Yokuphepha: LandelaIkhodi Yokuphepha Yokuvimbela Ukuqhuma Kothuli(GB 15577-2018), edinga amadivayisi okusiza ukuqhuma (ingcindezi: 0.01–0.02 MPa) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-electrostatic grounding njalo kwezinhlelo zokususa uthuli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2025