Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zobuningi bamanje aphezulu, ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile ze-physicochemical. Izidingo zayo ezikhethekile eziyinhloko zibonakala ezigabeni ezinhlanu ezibalulekile: ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba, izinqubo zokufaka, ukwelashwa kwe-graphitization, kanye nomshini wokulungisa ngokunemba, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi:
I. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa: Ukulinganisela Ubumsulwa Obuphezulu kanye Nesakhiwo Esikhethekile
Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zezinto Zokusetshenziswa Ezingavuthiwe
I-Needle coke isebenza njengezinto eziwumgogodla ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu le-graphitization kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa (α₀-₀: 0.5–1.2×10⁻⁶/℃), ehlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuqina kokushisa kwama-electrode wamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwe-needle coke kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho okuku-electrode wamandla ajwayelekile, okubalwa ngaphezu kuka-60% kuma-electrode wamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kanti ama-electrode wamandla avamile asebenzisa kakhulu i-petroleum coke.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Eziwusizo
I-pitch eguquliwe yokushisa okuphezulu isetshenziswa njenge-binder ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwayo okuphezulu kwe-carbon residue kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kokuguquguquka, okuthuthukisa ubukhulu be-electrode (≥1.68 g/cm³) kanye namandla omshini (amandla okuguquguquka ≥10.5 MPa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coke ye-metallurgical iyangezwa ukulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa.
II. Ubuchwepheshe Bokubumba: Ukubumba Kwesibili Kunqoba Ukulinganiselwa Kosayizi
Ukubumba Okuhlanganisiwe Kokudlidliza Nokunwebeka
Izinqubo zendabuko zithembele kuma-extruder amakhulu kuma-electrode amakhulu, kanti ama-electrode anamandla aphezulu kakhulu asebenzisa indlela yesibili yokubumba:
- Ukubumba Okuyinhloko: I-extruder eqhubekayo ejikelezayo engalingani isetshenziswa ukucindezela izinto ezixubile zibe ama-compact aluhlaza kuqala.
- Ukubumba Kwesibili: Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ngokudlidliza buqeda amaphutha angaphakathi kuma-compact aluhlaza, buthuthukisa ukufana kobuningi.
Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwama-electrode amakhulu (isib., kufika ku-1,330 mm) kusetshenziswa imishini emincane, okunqoba imikhawulo yenqubo yendabuko.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemishini Yokukhipha Ehlakaniphile
I-extruder ye-graphite electrode engu-60 MN efakwe ukusetha ubude okuhlakaniphile, ukugunda izinwele okuhambisanayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokudlulisa zithuthukisa ukunemba kokusetha ubude ngo-55% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zendabuko, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo.
III. Inqubo Yokufaka Isisu: Ukufaka Isisu Ngomfutho Ophakeme Kuthuthukisa Ubuningi Namandla
Imijikelezo Yokubhaka Eminingi Yokufaka I-Impregnation
Ama-electrode anamandla aphezulu kakhulu adinga imijikelezo emibili kuya kwemithathu yokufakwa kwengcindezi ephezulu esebenzisa iphimbo eliguquliwe lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo njenge-impregnant, lapho ukukhuluphala kwesisindo kulawulwa ku-15%–18%. Ukufakwa ngakunye kulandelwa ukubhaka kwesibili (1,200–1,250℃) ukugcwalisa ama-pores, kufinyelela ubuningi bokugcina obudlula i-1.72 g/cm³ kanye namandla okucindezela angu-≥26.8 MPa.
Ukwelashwa Okukhethekile Kwezimbobo Zokuxhuma
Izingxenye zesixhumi zifakwa ngaphansi kokufakwa komfutho ophezulu (≥2 MPa) kanye nemijikelezo eminingi yokubhaka ukuqinisekisa ukumelana kokuthinta okungu-≤0.15 mΩ, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudlulisa amandla aphezulu.
IV. Ukwelashwa kwe-Graphitization: Ukuguqulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Kakhulu kanye Nokwenza Kahle Kakhulu Amandla
Ukucubungula Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Kakhulu le-Acheson Furnace
Amazinga okushisa e-graphitization kumele afinyelele ku-≥2,800℃ ukuze kuguqulwe ama-athomu e-carbon kusuka kulungiselelo olunezinhlangothi ezimbili oluhlelekile lube yisakhiwo se-graphite esihlelwe ngobubanzi obuthathu, kufezwe ukumelana okuphansi (≤6.5 μΩ·m) kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Isibonelo, ibhizinisi elilodwa lafinyeza umjikelezo we-graphitization waba yizinyanga ezinhlanu futhi lanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinto zokushisa.
Ubuchwepheshe Obuhlanganisiwe Bokonga Amandla
Ubuchwepheshe bokonga amandla obushintshashintshayo kanye namamodeli okusebenza kahle kwamandla aguqukayo avumela ukuqapha imithwalo yemishini ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kwezindlela zokusebenza, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweqembu lephampu ngo-30% kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza kakhulu.
V. Umshini Wokunyathelisa Ngokunembile: Ukulawula Okunembe Kakhulu Kuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kokusebenza
Izidingo Zokunemba Kwemishini Yomshini
Ukubekezelelana kobubanzi be-electrode kungu-±1.5%, ukubekezelelana kobude obuphelele kungu-±0.5%, kanti ukunemba kwentambo yesixhumi kufinyelela ku-Class 4H/4h. Ukulawulwa kwejometri okunembe kakhulu kufezwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zomshini we-CNC kanye nokuthola eziku-inthanethi, okuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwamanje okubangelwa ukungezwani kwe-electrode ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesithando sikagesi se-arc.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Yomphezulu
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha ngaphandle kwemfucuza bunciphisa izibonelelo zomshini wokugaya, buthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Imiklamo ye-nozzle egobile yenza kube ngcono ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity, ikhulisa isivuno somkhiqizo ngo-3% futhi ithuthukise ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity ngo-8%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-21-2025