Izinto ezintsha ze-graphite electrode zifinyelele ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ezimpahleni zemishini, izakhiwo zokushisa, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokucutshungulwa kalula. Zimelelwa yi-graphite eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber kanye ne-graphite e-isostatic, ukuphumelela kwazo kokusebenza okuyinhloko kanye namanani okusetshenziswa alandelayo:
I. I-Graphite Eqiniswe Nge-Carbon Fiber: Ukuthuthukiswa Okuguquguqukayo Kwezakhiwo Zemishini
1. Amandla kanye nokwanda kweModulus
Ngokufaka inani elincane le-graphene (0.075 wt%) kuma-fiber e-carbon e-PAN, amandla awo okudonsa afinyelela ku-1916 MPa, kanti i-modulus kaYoung ifinyelela ku-233 GPa, okumelela ukwanda okungu-225% no-184%, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-fiber e-carbon e-PAN amsulwa. Lokhu kuphumelela kuvela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-graphene kwesakhiwo se-carbon fiber:
- Ukuncipha kwe-porosity: Ukwengezwa kwe-graphene kunciphisa kakhulu usayizi we-pores yangaphakathi kanye ne-voids ngaphakathi kwe-fiber, cishe kuqeda ama-micropores e-axial ekugxilweni okuphezulu (0.1 wt%), ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amaphuzu okugxilwa kokucindezeleka.
- Isakhiwo se-graphite esihleliwe: I-Raman spectroscopy yembula ukuthi ama-nanosheet e-graphene azungezwe yisakhiwo se-graphite esakhiwe ngesikhathi se-PAN carbonization, okuholela ku-lattice ye-graphite ephelele kakhulu eneziphambeko ezimbalwa kanye nokuqondiswa kwekristalu okuthuthukisiwe.
2. Izimo Zokusebenza Ezinwetshiwe
- Izindiza: Izinhlanganisela ze-graphite eziqiniswe nge-carbon fiber, ezinobukhulu obungu-60% nje kune-aluminium alloy kanye nekhono lokubumba njengento eyodwa (ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-fastener), zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezindiza (isb., ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe okungu-50% ku-Boeing B-787), imizimba yezimoto zokuqalisa, kanye nezingxenye zesathelayithi.
- Ukukhiqiza okusezingeni eliphezulu: Ukumelana kwazo nokususwa kwegesi kuzenza zibe zibalulekile kuma-nozzles enjini yerokhethi, izakhiwo ze-nuclear reactor core, kanye nezinye izindawo ezibucayi.
II. I-Graphite Engashintshi: Ukuthuthukiswa Okuphelele Kuzo Zonke Izakhiwo Eziningi
1. Izakhiwo Zemishini: Ezidlula Izinsimbi Zendabuko
- Amandla aphezulu kanye ne-isotropy: Ngokucindezela i-isostatic, amandla ayo okudonsa adlula i-1000 MPa (edlula kakhulu izinsimbi ezivamile), ngesilinganiso se-isotropy esingu-1.0–1.1, okususa amaphutha e-anisotropic e-graphite evamile.
- Ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokuguguleka: Njengoba inobukhulu obungu-1.95 g/cm³, amandla okuguquguquka angaphezu kuka-80 MPa, kanye namandla okucindezela asukela ku-200–260 MPa, ifaneleka ukukhiqiza ama-brake pad, ama-seal, nama-bearings asebenza kahle kakhulu.
2. Izakhiwo Zokushisa: Ukuzinza Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezinzima Kakhulu
- Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa: Ezindaweni ezingasebenzi kahle, amandla ayo okusebenza afinyelela ku-2500°C, kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-3650°C kanye nephuzu lokubilisa elingu-4827°C. I-coefficient yayo ephansi yokwanda kokushisa inciphisa izinguquko zobukhulu, okwenza ibe yindawo efanele kakhulu kuma-electrode okuvutha amarokhethi, ama-nozzle, nezinye izingxenye zokushisa okuphezulu.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu: Ukushisa kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwenza ukushisa kusheshiswe ngokushesha, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, njengasezingxenyeni zensimu yokushisa yohlobo lwe-CZ-type single-crystal-pull direct-pull furnace (iziqhumane, ama-heater).
3. Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali: Ukumelana Nokugqwala Nokumelana Nokuvundisa I-Oxidation
Ihlala izinzile kuma-asidi aqinile, ama-alkali, kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo, imelana nokuguguleka okuvela ezinsimbini ezincibilikisiwe kanye nasengilazini, okwenza ifaneleke ezitsheni zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ze-nuclear reactor core, kanye nezinye izindawo ezigqwalisayo.
4. Ukucutshungulwa: Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokunemba
Ingashintshwa ibe yinoma yisiphi isimo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomklamo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-electrode yomshini wokukhipha ugesi kanye ne-graphite molds yokwenziwa kwensimbi okuqhubekayo.
III. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni kanye Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zezinto Ezintsha Ze-Graphite Electrode
1. Intuthuko Yezimboni
- I-graphite e-isostatic: Isabelo sayo semakethe yomhlaba wonke siyaqhubeka nokwenyuka, njengoba ukwanda kwamandla e-Indonesia naseMorocco kuqinisa isikhundla sayo embonini.
- I-graphite eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber: Yamukelwe ngempumelelo ngamakhasimende ebhethri ahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke futhi ihola ekuthuthukisweni kwendinganiso yokuqala yomhlaba wonke,Imininingwane Eningiliziwe Ayinalutho Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ze-Nano-Silicon Anode Zamabhethri E-Lithium-Ion.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Besikhathi Esizayo
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe (isb., ngokuguqulwa kwempuphu ye-coke yesibili ibe ngu-2–5 μm) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini.
- Ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-Graphitization: Ubuchwepheshe be-Microwave graphitization bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30% futhi bufinyeza imijikelezo yokukhiqiza, okwenza kube lula ukwamukelwa ngezinga elikhulu.
- Ukusungula izinto ezintsha: Isibonelo, ama-anode e-gradient graphite afinyelela amandla okushaja okusheshayo emizuzu eyi-6, angu-60% ngenkathi egcina ubuningi bamandla obungu-≥230 Wh/kg ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-gradient okuphindwe kabili kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye ne-porosity.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-31-2025