Abstract:umbhali uhlaziya ukukhiqizwa kwenaliti ye-coke kanye nesimo sokusebenzisa ezweni lethu, ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwayo ku-graphite electrode kanye ne-negative electrode materials embonini yethemba, ukutadisha izinselelo zokuthuthukiswa kwenaliti ye-coke, kuhlanganise nemithombo yempahla eluhlaza iyashoda, ikhwalithi akuwona aphezulu, umjikelezo omude kanye nokuhlolwa kwesicelo somthamo oweqile, ukwandisa ucwaningo lokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo, isicelo, izinyathelo zokusebenza, njengezifundo zenhlangano ukuthuthukisa imakethe ephezulu.
Ngokwemithombo ehlukene yezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-coke yenaliti ingahlukaniswa ibe inaliti yenaliti coke kanye ne-coke yenaliti yamalahle.I-coke yenaliti kawoyela yenziwa ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-FCC slurry ngokucwengisiswa, i-hydrodesulfurization, ukubambezeleka kokupheka nokubala.Inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe.I-needle coke inezici zekhabhoni ephezulu, isulfure ephansi, i-nitrogen ephansi, umlotha ophansi nokunye, futhi inezici ezivelele ze-electrochemical kanye nemishini ngemuva kwe-graphitization.Iwuhlobo lwe-anisotropic high-end carbon material ene-graphitization elula.
Inaliti coke ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa ultra high amandla graphite electrode, futhi lithium ion ibhethri cathode materials, njengoba "carbon Peak", "carbon neutral" izinjongo zamasu, amazwe ayaqhubeka ukukhuthaza insimbi nensimbi kanye auto embonini uguquko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni. ukulungiswa kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusindisa i-carbon ephansi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo obuluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwensimbi yesithando se-arc kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha, Isidingo se-coke yenaliti eluhlaza sikhula ngokushesha.Ngokuzayo, imboni engezansi ye-needle coke isazochuma kakhulu.Lesi sihloko sihlaziya isimo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nethemba le-coke yenaliti ku-graphite electrode nezinto ze-anode, futhi sibeka phambili izinselele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa zokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni yenaliti ye-coke.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kokukhiqizwa nokugeleza kokuqondisa kwenaliti ye-coke
1.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke kugxile kakhulu emazweni ambalwa afana ne-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, iSouth Korea ne-Japan.Ngo-2011, umthamo wokukhiqiza wenaliti yomhlaba wonke wawulinganiselwa ku-1200kt/a, lapho umthamo wokukhiqiza waseShayina wawungu-250kt/a, futhi kwakukhona abakhiqizi abane kuphela baseShayina abayizinaliti zecoke.Ngo-2021, ngokwezibalo ze-Sinfern Information, amandla okukhiqiza umhlaba wonke we-naliti coke azokhuphuka afinyelele cishe ku-3250kt/a, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza we-Needle coke e-China uzokhuphuka ufike cishe ku-2240kt/a, okubalelwa ku-68.9% womhlaba jikelele. umthamo wokukhiqiza, kanye nenani labakhiqizi bezinaliti ze-coke baseShayina lizokhuphuka libe ngu-21.
Ithebula 1 libonisa amandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi bezinaliti bezinaliti abahamba phambili abayi-10 emhlabeni, abanamandla okukhiqiza angu-2130kt/a, okubalelwa ku-65.5% womthamo wokukhiqiza wembulunga yonke.Ngokombono wekhono lokukhiqiza lomhlaba wonke lamabhizinisi enaliti ye-coke, abakhiqizi bezinaliti ze-coke eziwuchungechunge ngokuvamile banesilinganiso esikhulu, isilinganiso somthamo wokukhiqiza wesitshalo esisodwa singama-100 ~ 200kt/a, umthamo wokukhiqiza inaliti yamalahle angama-50kT kuphela / a.
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, amandla okukhiqiza inaliti yomhlaba wonke azoqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ikakhulukazi evela eChina.Umthamo wokukhiqiza inaliti ye-coke ehleliwe yaseShayina futhi engaphansi kokwakhiwa icishe ibe ngu-430kT/a, futhi isimo sokugcwala ngokweqile siyabhebhetheka nakakhulu.Ngaphandle kwe-China, umthamo we-coke yenaliti uzinzile, kanti i-OMSK yaseRussia ihlela ukwakha iyunithi ye-coke yenaliti engu-38kt/a ngo-2021.
Umfanekiso we-1 ubonisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti e-China eminyakeni yamuva ye-5.Njengoba kungabonwa kuMdwebo 1, ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti e-China sekufinyelele ukukhula okunamandla, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-45% eminyakeni emi-5.Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwe-naliti coke e-China kwafinyelela ku-517kT, okuhlanganisa u-176kT wochungechunge lwamalahle kanye no-341kT wochungechunge lukawoyela.
1.2 Ukungeniswa kwe-coke yenaliti
Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa isimo sokungenisa senaliti ye-coke e-China eminyakeni engu-5 yakamuva.Njengoba kungabonwa kuMdwebo 2, ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwe-COVID-19, umthamo wokungenisa senaliti e-China ukhuphuke kakhulu, wafinyelela ku-270kT ngo-2019, irekhodi eliphezulu.Ngo-2020, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu ye-coke yenaliti engenisiwe, ukuncintisana kwehle, ukusungulwa kwetheku elikhulu, futhi kwaphakanyiswa ukuqubuka kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eYurophu nase-United States, inani lokungenisa lenaliti yaseChina ngo-2020 lalingama-132kt kuphela, lehle ngama-51%. unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwezibalo, ku-coke yenaliti engeniswe ngo-2020, inaliti yenaliti kawoyela yayingama-27.5kT, phansi ngo-82.93% unyaka nonyaka;Inaliti yokulinganisa amalahle i-coke 104.1kt, i-18.26% ngaphezu konyaka odlule, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ezokuthutha zasolwandle zaseJapane naseNingizimu Korea azithinteki kancane ngalesi sifo, okwesibili, intengo yemikhiqizo ethile evela eJapane naseNingizimu Korea iphansi kunalokho. yemikhiqizo efanayo e-China, futhi umthamo wokuhleleka ongezansi mkhulu.
1.3 Isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-coke yenaliti
I-needle coke iwuhlobo lwe-carbon material ene-high-end, esetshenziswa kakhulu njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni i-electrode ye-graphite ye-ultra-high kanye nezinto zokwenziwa ze-graphite anode.Izinkambu zetheminali ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwenza insimbi ye-arc yesithando somlilo kanye namabhethri anamandla ezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
I-FIG.3 ikhombisa inkambiso yokusetshenziswa kwenaliti ye-coke e-China eminyakeni emi-5 yakamuva.I-electrode yegraphite inkambu enkulu yokusetshenziswa, futhi izinga lokukhula kwesidingo lingena esigabeni esiyisicaba, kuyilapho izinto ezingezinhle zama-electrode ziqhubeka zikhula ngokushesha.Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-coke yenaliti e-China (kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwe-inventory) kwaba ngu-740kT, lapho i-340kT yezinto ezingalungile kanye ne-400kt ye-graphite electrode yadliwa, okubala u-45% wokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezinhle.
2.1 Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-eAF steelmaking
Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eChina.Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza insimbi nensimbi: isithando somlilo nesithando somlilo se-arc kagesi.Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza insimbi ye-arc yomlilo kagesi kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-60%, futhi kungabona ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza zensimbi ezilahliwe futhi kunciphise ukuncika ekungenisweni kwensimbi yensimbi.Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ihlongoze ukuthi ihole ekufinyeleleni umgomo "we-carbon peak" kanye "ne-carbon neutrality" ngo-2025. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yemboni yensimbi nensimbi, kuzoba nenani elikhulu lezimboni zensimbi ezizothatha indawo. i-converter ne-blast furnace steel nge-electric arc furnace.
Ngo-2020, iChina ikhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe engu-1054.4mt, okuphuma kuyo insimbi ye-eAF icishe ibe ngu-96Mt, ibalwa kuphela u-9.1% wensimbi engahluziwe iyonke, uma kuqhathaniswa no-18% wesilinganiso somhlaba, 67% wase-United States, 39. I-% ye-European Union, kanye no-22% wensimbi yase-Japan ye-EAF, kunesikhala esikhulu senqubekelaphambili.Ngokohlaka oluthi “Umhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukisa Imboni Yezinsimbi Nezinsimbi” okhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngoDisemba 31, 2020, ingxenye yokuphuma kwensimbi ye-eAF ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi engahluziwe isiyonke kufanele ikhuphuke ibe ngu-15. % ~ 20% ngo-2025. Ukwenyuka kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-eAF kuzokwandisa kakhulu isidingo sama-electrode amagraphite anamandla amakhulu.Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo we-arc kagesi wasekhaya usezingeni eliphezulu futhi umkhulu, obeka phambili isidingo esikhulu sokucaciswa okukhulu kanye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Isimo sokukhiqiza se-graphite electrode
I-electrode ye-graphite iyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswayo ekwenzeni insimbi ye-eAF.Umfanekiso wesi-4 ukhombisa amandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuphuma kwe-graphite electrode e-China eminyakeni emi-5 yakamuva.Amandla okukhiqiza ama-electrode e-graphite anyukile esuka ku-1050kT/a ngo-2016 aya ku-2200kt/a ngo-2020, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-15.94%.Le minyaka emihlanu inkathi yokukhula ngokushesha kwamandla okukhiqiza i-graphite electrode, kanye nomjikelezo ogijimayo wokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-graphite electrode.Ngaphambi kuka-2017, imboni ye-graphite electrode njengemboni yokukhiqiza yendabuko esebenzisa amandla aphezulu kanye nokungcoliswa okuphezulu, amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya e-graphite electrode anciphisa ukukhiqizwa, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo e-graphite electrode abhekene nokuvalwa, ngisho nama-electrode giants international kufanele ayeke ukukhiqiza, thengisa futhi uphume.Ngo-2017, ithonywe futhi iqhutshwa inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuphatha yokuqedwa okuphoqelekile "kwensimbi yesitezi", intengo ye-graphite electrode e-China yenyuka kakhulu.Ikhuthazwa inzuzo eyeqile, imakethe yama-electrode e-graphite yangenisa igagasi lokuqalisa kabusha kwamandla nokwanda.
Ngo-2019, ukuphuma kwe-graphite electrode e-China kwafinyelela phezulu okusha eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwafinyelela ku-1189kT.Ngo-2020, ukuphuma kwe-graphite electrode kwehle kwaya ku-1020kT ngenxa yesidingo esibuthakathaka esidalwe yilolu bhubhane.Kodwa sekukonke, imboni ye-graphite electrode yaseChina inamandla amakhulu, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa lehla lisuka ku-70% ngo-2017 laya ku-46% ngo-2020, izinga elisha lokusebenzisa umthamo ophansi.
2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo se-coke yenaliti embonini ye-graphite electrode
Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-eAF kuzoqhuba isidingo se-ultra-high power graphite electrode.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo se-graphite electrode sizoba ngu-1300kt ngo-2025, futhi isidingo se-coke yenaliti eluhlaza sizoba ngu-450kT.Ngenxa yokuthi ekukhiqizeni usayizi omkhulu namandla aphezulu we-graphite electrode kanye ne-joint, i-coke yenaliti esekwe uwoyela ingcono kune-coke yenaliti esekwe emalahleni, ingxenye yesidingo se-graphite electrode ye-coke yenaliti esekwe uwoyela izokwanda futhi, indawo yemakethe ye-coke yenaliti esekwe ngamalahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2022