Isifinyezo:Umbhali uhlaziya isimo sokukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezweni lethu, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwayo embonini ye-graphite electrode kanye ne-negative electrode materials prospect, ukuze afunde izinselele zokuthuthukiswa kwe-oil needle coke, okuhlanganisa nezinsizakusebenza ezingatholakali kalula, ikhwalithi ayiphezulu, ukuhlolwa kohlelo lokusebenza komjikelezo omude kanye nomthamo oweqile, ukwandisa ucwaningo lokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa, izindlela zokusebenza, njengezifundo zobudlelwano ukuthuthukisa imakethe ephezulu.
Ngokwemithombo ehlukene yezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-needle coke ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-oil needle coke kanye ne-coke ye-needle coke yamalahle. I-oil needle coke yenziwe kakhulu nge-FCC slurry ngokusebenzisa ukuhluza, i-hydrodesulfurization, i-delayed coking kanye ne-calcination. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe. I-needle coke inezici ze-carbon ephezulu, i-sulfur ephansi, i-nitrogen ephansi, umlotha ophansi njalonjalo, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-electrochemical kanye ne-mechanical ngemva kwe-graphitization. Luhlobo lwezinto ze-anisotropic high-end carbon ezine-graphitization elula.
I-Needle coke isetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nezinto ze-cathode zebhethri le-lithium ion, njengezinhloso zesu "ze-carbon peak", "ezingathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon", amazwe aqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwemboni yensimbi nensimbi kanye nezimoto kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo obungamandla obuphansi be-carbon kanye noluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwensimbi yesithando sikagesi se-arc kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, Isidingo se-needle coke eluhlaza naso sikhula ngokushesha. Esikhathini esizayo, imboni ye-needle coke engezansi isazoqhubeka nokuchuma kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya isimo sesicelo kanye nethuba le-needle coke ku-electrode ye-graphite kanye nezinto ze-anode, futhi sibeka phambili izinselele kanye nezinyathelo zokumelana nentuthuko enempilo yemboni ye-needle coke.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kokukhiqizwa kanye nokugeleza kwe-needle coke
1.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke kugxile kakhulu emazweni ambalwa njengeShayina, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, iNingizimu Korea kanye neJapan. Ngo-2011, amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke e-needle coke ayengaba ngu-1200kt/a, lapho amandla okukhiqiza eShayina ayengu-250kt/a, futhi kwakukhona abakhiqizi abane kuphela baseShayina be-needle coke. Ngo-2021, ngokwezibalo ze-Sinfern Information, amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke e-needle coke azokwanda abe ngu-3250kt/a, kanti amandla okukhiqiza e-Needle coke eShayina azokwanda abe ngu-2240kt/a, okwenza kube ngu-68.9% wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, kanti inani labakhiqizi be-needle coke baseShayina lizokwanda libe ngu-21.
Ithebula 1 likhombisa amandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi be-needle coke abayi-10 abaphambili emhlabeni, abanomthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele ongu-2130kt/a, ohlanganisa u-65.5% wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokombono wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke amabhizinisi e-needle coke, abakhiqizi be-needle coke yochungechunge lwamafutha ngokuvamile banesilinganiso esikhulu, isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza sesitshalo esisodwa singama-100 ~ 200kt/a, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-needle coke yochungechunge lwamalahle ungama-50kT/a kuphela.
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, umthamo wokukhiqiza i-needle coke emhlabeni wonke uzoqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ikakhulukazi uvela eShayina. Umthamo wokukhiqiza i-needle coke ehleliwe futhi esakhiwa eShayina ungama-430kT/a, futhi isimo somthamo oweqile siya sibi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweShayina, umthamo we-needle coke uzinzile, njengoba ifektri yokuhluza i-OMSK yaseRussia ihlela ukwakha iyunithi ye-needle coke engu-38kt/a ngo-2021.
Isibalo 1 sibonisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke eShayina eminyakeni emi-5 yamuva. Njengoba kungabonakala ku-Isibalo 1, ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke eShayina kufinyelele ukukhula okukhulu, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-45% eminyakeni emi-5. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwe-needle coke eShayina kufinyelele ku-517kT, kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lwamalahle olungama-176kT kanye nochungechunge lwamafutha olungama-341kT.
1.2 Ukungeniswa kwe-needle coke
Isibalo 2 sibonisa isimo sokungeniswa kwe-needle coke eShayina eminyakeni emi-5 yamuva. Njengoba kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 2, ngaphambi kokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19, inani lokungeniswa kwe-needle coke eShayina landa kakhulu, lafika ku-270kT ngo-2019, okuyirekhodi eliphezulu. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu ye-needle coke engenisiwe, ukwehla kokuncintisana, isitokwe esikhulu sechweba, kanye nokugqashuka okuqhubekayo kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eYurophu nase-United States, inani lokungeniswa kwe-needle coke eShayina ngo-2020 lalingu-132kt kuphela, lehle ngo-51% ngonyaka. Ngokusho kwezibalo, ku-needle coke engenisiwe ngo-2020, i-oil needle coke yayingu-27.5kT, yehle ngo-82.93% ngonyaka; I-coke yenaliti yokulinganisa amalahle engu-104.1kt, ngaphezu kuka-18.26% kunonyaka odlule, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ukuthuthwa olwandle kweJapan neSouth Korea akuthinteki kangako yilolu bhubhane, okwesibili, intengo yemikhiqizo ethile evela eJapan naseNingizimu Korea iphansi kuneyemikhiqizo efanayo eShayina, futhi inani le-oda eliphansi likhulu.
1.3 Indlela yokusebenzisa i-needle coke
I-Needle coke uhlobo lwezinto zekhabhoni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinto ze-anode ye-graphite yokwenziwa. Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-terminal ukwenza insimbi ye-arc furnace kagesi kanye namabhethri kagesi ezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
ISITHOMBE 3 sibonisa ukuthambekela kokusetshenziswa kwe-needle coke eShayina eminyakeni emi-5 yamuva. I-graphite electrode iyinkambu enkulu kunazo zonke yokufaka isicelo, futhi izinga lokukhula kwesidingo lingena esigabeni esilinganayo, kuyilapho izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle ziqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-needle coke eShayina (kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwempahla) kwakungu-740kT, okwasetshenziswa kuwo ama-340kT ezinto ezingezinhle kanye nama-400kt e-graphite electrode, okwenza ama-45% okusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezinhle.
2.1 Ukuthuthukiswa kokwenziwa kwensimbi ye-eAF
Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eShayina. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza insimbi nensimbi: isithando somlilo kanye nesithando sikagesi se-arc. Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza insimbi yesithando sikagesi se-arc kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-60%, futhi kungafeza ukuvuselelwa kwezinsizakusebenza zensimbi ezilahliwe futhi kunciphise ukuncika ekungenisweni kwensimbi. Imboni yensimbi nensimbi iphakamise ukuthatha igxathu ekufezeni umgomo "we-carbon peak" kanye "nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" ngo-2025. Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso senqubomgomo kazwelonke yemboni yensimbi nensimbi, kuzoba nenani elikhulu lezitshalo zensimbi ezizothatha indawo yensimbi yokuguqula kanye neyomlilo ngesithando sikagesi se-arc.
Ngo-2020, umkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe eShayina ungama-1054.4mt, lapho umkhiqizo wensimbi ye-eAF ungama-96Mt, okuhlanganisa u-9.1% kuphela wensimbi engahluziwe iyonke, uma kuqhathaniswa no-18% wesilinganiso somhlaba, u-67% we-United States, u-39% we-European Union, kanye no-22% wensimbi ye-EAF yaseJapan, kunendawo enkulu yokuthuthuka. Ngokusho kohlaka lwe-“Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry” olukhishwe yi-Ministry of Industry and Information Technology ngoDisemba 31, 2020, isilinganiso somkhiqizo wensimbi ye-eAF kumkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe iyonke kufanele sikhuphuke sibe ngu-15% ~ 20% ngo-2025. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-eAF kuzokhulisa kakhulu isidingo sama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo we-arc kagesi sasekhaya usezingeni eliphezulu futhi mkhulu, okubeka phambili isidingo esikhulu se-specification enkulu kanye ne-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu kakhulu.
2.2 Isimo sokukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode
I-graphite electrode iyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswayo ekwenzeni insimbi ye-eAF. Isithombe 4 sibonisa amandla okukhiqiza kanye nokukhishwa kwe-graphite electrode eShayina eminyakeni emi-5 yamuva. Amandla okukhiqiza e-graphite electrode akhuphuke kusuka ku-1050kT / a ngo-2016 kuya ku-2200kt / a ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-15.94%. Le minyaka emihlanu iyisikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo kwamandla okukhiqiza e-graphite electrode, kanye nomjikelezo oqhubekayo wokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-graphite electrode. Ngaphambi kuka-2017, imboni ye-graphite electrode njengemboni yokukhiqiza yendabuko esetshenziswa kakhulu amandla kanye nokungcola okuphezulu, amabhizinisi amakhulu e-graphite electrode asekhaya anciphisa ukukhiqizwa, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo e-graphite electrode abhekene nokuvalwa, futhi ngisho nezinkampani ezinkulu ze-electrode zomhlaba wonke kufanele ziyeke ukukhiqizwa, zithengise futhi ziphume. Ngo-2017, zithonywe futhi ziqhutshwa yinqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuphatha yokususa ngokuphoqelekile "insimbi yebha yephansi", intengo ye-graphite electrode eShayina yakhuphuka kakhulu. Ishukunyiswe yinzuzo eyengeziwe, imakethe ye-graphite electrode yaletha igagasi lokuqalisa kabusha nokukhula kwamandla.
Ngo-2019, umkhiqizo we-graphite electrode eShayina wafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu elisha eminyakeni yamuva nje, wafinyelela ku-1189kT. Ngo-2020, umkhiqizo we-graphite electrode wehla wafika ku-1020kT ngenxa yesidingo esibuthakathaka esibangelwe yilolu bhubhane. Kodwa-ke, imboni ye-graphite electrode yaseShayina inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa lehle lisuka ku-70% ngo-2017 laya ku-46% ngo-2020, izinga elisha lokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi.
2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo se-needle coke embonini ye-graphite electrode
Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-eAF kuzothuthukisa isidingo se-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo se-electrode ye-graphite sizoba cishe yi-1300kt ngo-2025, kanti isidingo se-coke yenaliti eluhlaza sizoba cishe yi-450kT. Ngoba ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrode ye-graphite enkulu kanye ne-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye ne-joint, i-coke yenaliti esekelwe kumafutha ingcono kune-coke yenaliti esekelwe kumalahle, isilinganiso sesidingo se-electrode ye-graphite ye-coke yenaliti esekelwe kumafutha sizokhula kakhulu, sithathe indawo yemakethe ye-coke yenaliti esekelwe kumalahle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2022