Abstract:umbhali uhlaziya ukukhiqizwa kwenaliti ye-coke kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa kwezwe lethu, ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwayo ku-graphite electrode kanye ne-negative electrode materials embonini yethemba, ukutadisha izinselelo zokuthuthukiswa kwenaliti ye-coke, kuhlanganise nemithombo yempahla eluhlaza iyashoda, ikhwalithi ayiphezulu, umjikelezo omude nokuhlolwa kwesicelo somthamo oweqile, ukwandisa ucwaningo lokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo, ukuhlanganisa, ukuqeda izifundo zokuthuthukisa, ezifana nezifundo zemakethe ukuze kuthuthukiswe.
Ngokwemithombo ehlukene yezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-coke yenaliti ingahlukaniswa ibe inaliti yenaliti coke kanye ne-coke yenaliti yamalahle. I-coke yenaliti kawoyela yenziwa ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-FCC slurry ngokucwengisiswa, i-hydrodesulfurization, ukubambezeleka kokupheka nokubala. Inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe. I-needle coke inezici zekhabhoni ephezulu, isibabule esiphansi, i-nitrogen ephansi, umlotha ophansi nokunye, futhi inezici ezivelele ze-electrochemical kanye nemishini ngemuva kwe-graphitization. Iwuhlobo lwe-anisotropic high-end carbon material ene-graphitization elula.
I-Coke yenaliti isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-ultra high power graphite electrode, kanye ne-lithium ion battery cathode materials, njenge-"carbon peak", "carbon neutral" izinjongo zamasu, amazwe ayaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwemboni yensimbi nensimbi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusindisa i-carbon ephansi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo obuluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kagesi kanye nesidingo sensimbi entsha. I-coke yenaliti eluhlaza nayo ikhula ngokushesha. Esikhathini esizayo, imboni engezansi ye-needle coke isazophumelela kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya isimo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nethemba le-coke yenaliti ku-graphite electrode nezinto ze-anode, futhi sibeka phambili izinselele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa zokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni yenaliti ye-coke.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kokukhiqizwa nokugeleza kokuqondisa kwenaliti ye-coke
1.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke kugxile kakhulu emazweni ambalwa afana ne-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, iSouth Korea ne-Japan. Ngo-2011, amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke we-naliti coke ayengaba ngu-1200kt/a, lapho amandla okukhiqiza e-China ayengu-250kt/a, futhi kwakukhona abakhiqizi abane kuphela baseShayina be-coke. Ngo-2021, ngokwezibalo ze-Sinfern Information, amandla okukhiqiza umhlaba wonke we-naliti coke azokhuphuka afinyelele cishe ku-3250kt/a, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza we-Needle coke e-China uzokwenyuka ufike cishe ku-2240kt/a, okubalelwa ku-68.9% womthamo wokukhiqiza wembulunga yonke, kanye nenani labakhiqizi bezinaliti baseShayina bazokwenyuka bafinyelele ku-221.
Ithebula 1 libonisa amandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi bezinaliti bezinaliti abahamba phambili abayi-10 emhlabeni, abanenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza elingu-2130kt/a, elibalelwa ku-65.5% womthamo wokukhiqiza wembulunga yonke. Ngokombono wekhono lokukhiqiza lomhlaba wonke lamabhizinisi enaliti ye-coke, abakhiqizi bezinaliti ze-coke eziwuchungechunge ngokuvamile banesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu, umthamo omaphakathi wokukhiqiza wesitshalo esisodwa ngu-100 ~ 200kt/a, umthamo wokukhiqiza inaliti yamalahle cishe u-50kT/a.
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, amandla okukhiqiza inaliti yomhlaba wonke azoqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ikakhulukazi evela eChina. Umthamo wokukhiqiza inaliti ye-coke ehleliwe yaseShayina futhi engaphansi kokwakhiwa icishe ibe ngu-430kT/a, futhi isimo sokugcwala ngokweqile siyabhebhetheka nakakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-China, umthamo we-coke yenaliti uzinzile, kanti i-OMSK yaseRussia yokuhluza ihlela ukwakha iyunithi ye-coke yenaliti engu-38kt/a ngo-2021.
Umfanekiso we-1 ubonisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti e-China eminyakeni yamuva ye-5. Njengoba kungabonwa kuMdwebo 1, ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti e-China sekufinyelele ukukhula okunamandla, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-45% eminyakeni emi-5. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwe-need coke e-China kwafinyelela ku-517kT, okuhlanganisa i-176kT yochungechunge lwamalahle kanye no-341kT wochungechunge lukawoyela.
1.2 Ukungeniswa kwe-coke yenaliti
Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa isimo sokungenisa senaliti coke e-China eminyakeni emi-5 yakamuva. Njengoba kungabonwa kuMdwebo 2, ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwe-COVID-19, umthamo wokungenisa senaliti e-China ukhuphuke kakhulu, wafinyelela ku-270kT ngo-2019, okuyirekhodi eliphezulu. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu ye-coke yenaliti engenisiwe, ukuncipha kokuncintisana, ukusungulwa kwetheku elikhulu, futhi kwaphakanyiswa ukugqashuka okuqhubekayo kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eYurophu nase-United States, inani lokungenisa lenaliti yaseChina ngo-2020 lalingama-132kt kuphela, lehle ngo-51% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwezibalo, ku-coke yenaliti engeniswe ngo-2020, inaliti yenaliti kawoyela yayingama-27.5kT, phansi ngo-82.93% unyaka nonyaka; Inaliti yokulinganisa amalahle i-coke 104.1kt, i-18.26% ngaphezu konyaka odlule, isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi ezokuthutha zasolwandle zaseJapane nezaseNingizimu Korea azithinteki kangako yilolu bhubhane, okwesibili, intengo yeminye imikhiqizo evela eJapane naseNingizimu Korea iphansi kunaleyo yemikhiqizo efanayo e-China, futhi umthamo we-oda ongezansi likhulu.
1.3 Isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-coke yenaliti
I-needle coke iwuhlobo lwe-carbon material ene-high-end, esetshenziswa kakhulu njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni i-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu kanye nezinto zokwenziwa ze-graphite anode. Izinkambu zetheminali ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwenza insimbi ye-arc furnace kanye namabhethri kagesi ezimotweni zamandla amasha.
I-FIG. 3 ikhombisa inkambiso yokusetshenziswa kwenaliti ye-coke e-China eminyakeni emi-5 yakamuva. I-electrode ye-graphite iyinkambu enkulu yohlelo lokusebenza, futhi izinga lokukhula kwesidingo lingena esigabeni esiyisicaba, kuyilapho izinto ezingezinhle zama-electrode ziqhubeka zikhula ngokushesha. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-coke yenaliti e-China (kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-inventory) kwakuyi-740kT, lapho i-340kT yezinto ezingalungile kanye ne-400kt ye-graphite electrode yadliwa, okubala u-45% wokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezinhle.
2.1 Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-eAF steelmaking
Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eChina. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza insimbi nensimbi: isithando somlilo nesithando somlilo sikagesi se-arc. Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza insimbi yesithando se-arc kagesi kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-60%, futhi kungabona ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza zensimbi ezilahliwe futhi kunciphise ukuncika ekungenisweni kwensimbi yensimbi. Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ihlongoze ukuthi ihole ekufinyeleleni umgomo "we-carbon peak" kanye "ne-carbon neutrality" ngo-2025. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yemboni yensimbi nensimbi, kuzoba nenani elikhulu lezitshalo zensimbi ezizoshintsha i-converter kanye ne-blast furnace steel ngesithando somlilo se-arc kagesi.
Ngo-2020, i-crude steel output yaseChina ingu-1054.4mt, okuphuma kuyo insimbi ye-eAF icishe ibe ngu-96Mt, ibalwa kuphela u-9.1% wayo yonke insimbi engahluziwe, uma kuqhathaniswa no-18% wesilinganiso somhlaba, 67% wase-United States, 39% we-European Union, kanye no-22% we-Esteel inqubekelaphambili yaseJapan. Ngokohlaka oluthi “Umhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukisa Imboni Yezinsimbi Nezinsimbi Ezisezingeni eliphezulu” olukhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngoDisemba 31, 2020, ingxenye yokukhishwa kwensimbi ye-eAF ekuphumeni okuphelele kwensimbi engahluziwe kufanele ikhuphuke ibe ngu-15% ~ 20% ngo-2025. Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo we-arc kagesi wasekhaya usezingeni eliphezulu futhi mkhulu, obeka phambili isidingo esikhulu sokucaciswa okukhulu kanye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Isimo sokukhiqiza se-graphite electrode
I-electrode ye-graphite iyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswayo ekwenzeni insimbi ye-eAF. Umfanekiso wesi-4 ukhombisa amandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuphuma kwe-graphite electrode e-China eminyakeni emi-5 yakamuva. Amandla okukhiqiza ama-electrode e-graphite anyukile esuka ku-1050kT/a ngo-2016 aya ku-2200kt/a ngo-2020, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-15.94%. Le minyaka emihlanu inkathi yokukhula ngokushesha kwamandla okukhiqiza i-graphite electrode, kanye nomjikelezo ogijimayo wokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-graphite electrode. Ngaphambi kuka-2017, imboni ye-graphite electrode njengemboni yokukhiqiza yendabuko esebenzisa amandla aphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphezulu, amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya e-graphite electrode anciphisa ukukhiqizwa, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo e-graphite electrode abhekene nokuvalwa, ngisho nama-electrode giants international kufanele ayeke ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kabusha nokuphuma. Ngo-2017, ethonywe futhi eqhutshwa inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuphatha yokuqedwa okuphoqelekile "kwensimbi yesitezi", intengo ye-graphite electrode e-China yenyuka kakhulu. Ikhuthazwa inzuzo eyeqile, imakethe yama-electrode e-graphite yangenisa igagasi lokuqalisa kabusha kwamandla nokwanda.
Ngo-2019, ukuphuma kwe-graphite electrode e-China kwafinyelela phezulu okusha eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwafinyelela ku-1189kT. Ngo-2020, ukuphuma kwe-graphite electrode kwehle kwaya ku-1020kT ngenxa yesidingo esibuthakathaka esidalwe yilolu bhubhane. Kodwa sekukonke, imboni ye-graphite electrode yaseChina inamandla amakhulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa lehla lisuka ku-70% ngo-2017 laya ku-46% ngo-2020, izinga elisha lokusebenzisa umthamo ophansi.
2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo se-coke yenaliti embonini ye-graphite electrode
Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-eAF kuzoqhuba isidingo se-ultra-high power graphite electrode. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo se-graphite electrode sizoba ngu-1300kt ngo-2025, futhi isidingo se-coke yenaliti eluhlaza sizoba ngu-450kT. Ngenxa yokuthi ekukhiqizweni kosayizi omkhulu namandla e-graphite electrode kanye ne-joint coke yenaliti esekwe kuwoyela ingcono kune-coke yenaliti esekwe emalahleni, ingxenye yesidingo se-graphite electrode ye-coke yenaliti esekwe uwoyela izokwengezwa futhi, ithatha indawo yemakethe ye-coke yenaliti esekwe emalahleni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2022