Ukuhlaziywa Kokusetshenziswa kanye Nezinzuzo ze-Graphitized Petroleum Coke Embonini ye-Aluminium Electrolysis
I. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Graphitized Petroleum Coke kuma-Cathode Blocks kanye ne-Anode Paste
1. Ukukhiqizwa Kwebhulokhi Ye-Cathode
I-graphitized petroleum coke iyinto eyinhloko yokukhiqiza amabhlogo e-cathode carbon ane-graphitized. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-graphitization yokushisa okuphezulu cishe ku-3000°C, ubumsulwa bayo be-carbon budlula u-98%, futhi ubuningi beqiniso buyanda kakhulu, kwakha isakhiwo sekristalu se-graphite esihlelekile kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza amabhlogo e-cathode lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo:
- Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwe-sodium okuthuthukisiwe: Isakhiwo se-graphite esihlanzekile kakhulu simelana ngempumelelo nokungena kwe-sodium ngesikhathi se-aluminium electrolysis, sandisa impilo yenkonzo ye-cathode.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhuba kukagesi: Ukuguqulwa kwe-graphitization kunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa, kunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi angaphansi kweseli futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium cishe ngo-5%–10%.
- Ukuzinza kokushisa okulungiselelwe: Ukwandiswa komthamo ophansi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunciphisa izingozi zokuqhekeka ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka kokushisa.
2. Ukulungiselela i-Anode Paste
Ku-anode paste, i-graphitized petroleum coke isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengesengezo sekhabhoni kanye nezinto zohlaka oluqhubayo, ngemiphumela elandelayo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhuba kukagesi: Isakhiwo esinamagrafu sikhuthaza ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje okufanayo, kunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi.
- Ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation okuthuthukisiwe: Okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur okuphansi (ngokuvamile <0.06%) kunciphisa ukuqhekeka okubangelwa yigesi ngesikhathi sokusabela ne-CO₂, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-anode ngethani lensimbi (isb., ukwehla okungu-12% ekusetshenzisweni kwebhizinisi elithile).
- Isakhiwo sembobo esilungiselelwe: I-Graphitization inciphisa imbobo ye-pitch coke, ikhulisa ubuningi be-anode kanye namandla omshini.
II. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko ze-Graphitized Petroleum Coke Kune-Calcined Petroleum Coke
| Isilinganiso sokusebenza | I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke | I-Calcined Petroleum Coke |
|---|---|---|
| Okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur | 0.03%–0.06% (uhlobo lwesibabule esiphansi) | ~0.5% (uhlobo olujwayelekile) |
| Izinga lokumunca | 90%–95% | 80%–90% |
| Izinga lokudweba i-graphitization | Kufakwe i-graphitized kakhulu (ukuminyana kweqiniso ≥2.18 g/cm³) | Kufakwe i-graphithi ngokwengxenye (ukuminyana kwangempela 1.8–2.0 g/cm³) |
| Okuqukethwe kokungcola | Umlotha ≤0.15%, izinto eziguquguqukayo <0.5% | Umlotha 0.3%–0.8%, izinto eziguquguqukayo 0.7%–1.5% |
| I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa | Okuphansi (uhlobo lwe-coke yenaliti) | Okuphezulu (uhlobo lwe-sponge coke) |
| Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza | Ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu, imikhiqizo ekhethekile yekhabhoni | Ama-anode ajwayelekile abhakiwe kusengaphambili, ama-electrode e-silicon ezimboni |
Izinzuzo Eziqondile:
1. Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwamakhemikhali Kagesi
- Ukumelana kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kuphansi ngo-30%–50% kunokwe-calcined coke, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla eseli nge-electrolysis. Isibonelo, kuma-electrode e-needle coke angu-750 mm, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kudlula okwe-coke ejwayelekile ngokuphindwe kathathu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwenza insimbi kube yimizuzu engama-25 ngesithando ngasinye.
- Okuqukethwe kwesulfure okuphansi kunciphisa ukusabela phakathi kwama-anode nama-electrolyte aqukethe i-fluoride, kunciphisa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yigesi futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila sama-anode.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo Zemishini
- Ukwenziwa kwe-graphitization kwandisa ubulukhuni bezinto kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa. Ezindaweni ze-electrolysis ye-aluminium ezishisa kakhulu, i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwamabhulokhi e-cathode ane-graphitized iphansi ngo-30% kune-coke ene-calcined, okunciphisa umonakalo wesakhiwo ovela ekushintsheni kokushisa.
- Ubuningi beqiniso obuphakanyisiwe (≥2.18 g/cm³) buthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinto, bunciphisa ukungena koketshezi lwe-aluminium kanye nokuguguleka kwe-sodium.
3. Izinzuzo Zemvelo Nezomnotho
- Ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwesibabule kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-SO₂, kuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo. Isibonelo, isitshalo se-aluminium esisebenzisa i-coke ene-sulfur graphitized ephansi sinciphise ukukhishwa kwe-SO₂ ngethani le-aluminium ngo-15%.
- Naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme (cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2 kune-calcined coke), isikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphila se-cathode block sikhuphuke sisuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-8, kunciphisa izindleko zizonke ngo-20%.
III. Amacala Okusebenza Nokusekelwa Kwedatha
- Imboni ye-Aluminium Electrolysis: Emhlabeni jikelele, ama-70% e-coke ene-calcined asetshenziselwa ama-anode e-aluminium electrolysis, kodwa izimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu (isb. ama-cathode ane-graphitized) ziya ngokuya zamukela i-coke ene-graphitized. Ibhizinisi elilodwa linciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-anode kusuka ku-420 kg/t-Al kuya ku-370 kg/t-Al ngemuva kokusebenzisa ama-cathode ane-graphitized, okusindisa ama-RMB ayizigidi ezingama-200 ngonyaka.
- Imboni Yensimbi: Ama-electrode e-needle coke angu-750 mm athwala ama-current angu-100,000 A afinyelele ukusebenza kahle kokwenza insimbi imizuzu engama-25 ngesithando ngasinye, ngokudlulisa amandla okuphehla amandla okuphindwe kathathu kune-coke ejwayelekile.
- Umkhakha Wokugcina Amandla: I-coke e-calcined eguqulwe nge-asphalt ithuthukise impilo yomjikelezo we-anode ye-carbon eqinile ngemijikelezo engu-400, yathola ukubambelela ezimakethe zebhethri le-sodium-ion.
IV. Isiphetho
I-graphitized petroleum coke, ngokusebenzisa i-graphitization yokushisa okuphezulu, ikhombisa ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi, kanye nokuzinza kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-calcined petroleum coke, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu kumabhulokhi e-cathode e-aluminium electrolysis ephezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-anode paste ekhethekile. Naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme, isikhathi sayo sokuphila eside, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo ziyibeka njengento ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa imboni ye-aluminium. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe be-graphitization (isb., ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu ku-3000°C) izokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ku-graphite yezinga lenuzi, ama-anode ebhethri le-lithium-ion, kanye neminye imikhakha yanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-22-2025