Izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-graphite zingalungiswa ngokuhlelekile ngezixazululo ezilandelayo ezinezilinganiso eziningi:
I. Uhlangothi Lwezinto Ezingavuthiwe: Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthuthukisa Ifomula Nokufaka Esikhundleni
1. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-Needle Coke kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesilinganiso
Ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu adinga i-needle coke (i-crystallinity ephezulu kanye ne-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa okuphansi), kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudla amandla amaningi kune-petroleum coke. Ukulungisa isilinganiso se-needle coke ku-petroleum coke (isb., amathani angu-1.1–1.2 e-needle coke ngethani lemikhiqizo ye-electrode enamandla aphezulu) kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza. Isibonelo, ama-electrode amakhulu angu-600mm anamandla aphezulu kakhulu athuthukiswe eChenzhou anciphise ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ okuvela ekwenzeni insimbi yesithando sikagesi se-arc kagesi esifushane ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilungiselelwe.
2. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokubopha Okuthuthukisiwe
I-coal tar pitch, esetshenziswa njenge-binder futhi equkethe u-25%–35% wezinto zokusetshenziswa, ishiya kuphela insalela engu-60%–70% ngemva kokubhaka. Ukusebenzisa i-modified pitch noma ukwengeza ama-nanofiller kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubopha, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-binder, futhi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi okuguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokubhaka.
II. Uhlangothi Lwenqubo: Ukuthuthukiswa Kokonga Amandla Nokunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa
1. Ukwenziwa ngcono kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nge-Graphitization
- Isithando Sokushisa Esihlanganisiwe Sochungechunge Lwangaphakathi: Uma siqhathaniswa nezitofu zendabuko zase-Acheson, lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngo-20%–30% ngokushisa ama-electrode alandelanayo ngezinto zokumelana, okunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa.
- Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza I-Graphitization Esezingeni Eliphansi: Ukuthuthukisa ama-catalyst amasha noma ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokwelapha ukushisa ukuze kwehliswe amazinga okushisa e-graphitization kusukela ku-2,800°C kuya ngaphansi kuka-2,600°C, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani ngo-500–800 kWh.
- Izinhlelo Zokubuyisa Ukushisa Okungcolile: Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okungcolile kwesithando se-graphitization ukuze kufudunyezwe izinto ezingavuthiwe noma kukhiqizwe ugesi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa ngo-10%–15%.
2. Ukufaka esikhundleni sikaphethiloli wokubhaka
Ukufaka igesi yemvelo esikhundleni sikawoyela osindayo noma igesi yamalahle kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa ngo-20% futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ngo-15%–20%. Izitofu zokubhaka ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinobuchwepheshe bokushisa obunezingqimba zifinyeza imijikelezo yokubhaka, zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-10%–15%.
3. Ukufuthwa kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha Kokugcwalisa
Ama-ejenti okufaka i-pitch aguquliwe (amathani angu-0.5–0.8 ngethani lama-electrode) anganciphisa imijikelezo yokufaka i-impregnation ngobuchwepheshe bokufaka i-vacuum. Amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha ama-coke ensimbi noma ama-quartz sand filler afinyelela ku-90%, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisizayo.
III. Uhlangothi Lwemishini: Ukuthuthukiswa Okuhlakaniphile Nokukhulu
1. Izithando Ezinkulu Nokulawula Okuzenzakalelayo
Izitofu ezinkulu ze-arc kagesi ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu (UHP) ezihlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokulawula i-impedance kanye nokuqapha okungaphakathi kwesithando kunciphisa amazinga okuphuka kwe-electrode abe ngaphansi kuka-2% kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi ngethani ngo-10%–15%. Izinhlelo zokulethwa kwamandla ezihlakaniphile zilungisa ngamandla i-arc voltage kanye neziqongo zamanje ngokusekelwe kumamaki ensimbi nezinqubo, zigwema ukulahlekelwa yi-reactive oxidation.
2. Ukwakhiwa Komugqa Wokukhiqiza Okuqhubekayo
Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kusukela ekuchotshozweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekushiseni kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphakathi. Isibonelo, ukushisa ngomusi noma ngogesi enqubweni yokuxuba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani kusuka ku-80 kWh kuya ku-50 kWh.
IV. Isakhiwo Samandla: Ukuphathwa Kwamandla Aluhlaza kanye Nekhabhoni
1. Ukwamukelwa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo
Ukwakha izitshalo ezindaweni ezicebile ngemithombo yelanga noma yomoya nokusebenzisa ugesi oluhlaza ukuze kusetshenziswe i-graphitization (okwenza u-80%–90% wogesi okhiqizwayo uphelele) kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngethani ngalinye kusuka ku-4.48 kuya ngaphansi kwamathani angu-1.5. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zilinganisela ukuguquguquka kwegridi, zithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla oluhlaza.
2. Ukubanjwa, Ukusetshenziswa, kanye Nokugcinwa Kwekhabhoni (i-CCUS)
Ukubamba i-CO₂ ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokubhaka kanye ne-graphitization yokukhiqiza i-lithium carbonate noma amafutha okwenziwa kwenza kube lula ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ikhabhoni.
V. Inqubomgomo kanye Nokubambisana Kwezimboni
1. Ukulawulwa Kwamandla Nokuhlanganiswa Kwemboni
Ukunciphisa ngokuqinile amandla amasha asebenzisa amandla amaningi nokukhuthaza ukugxilisa ingqondo embonini (isb., isabelo semakethe sika-17.18% se-Fangda Carbon) kusebenzisa iminotho yesilinganiso ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweyunithi. Ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile, njenge-Fangda Carbon yokuzihlinzeka ngokwayo kwe-67.8% ye-calcined coke kanye ne-needle coke, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuthutha izinto zokusetshenziswa.
2. Ukuhweba Ngekhabhoni kanye Nezezimali Eziluhlaza
Ukufaka izindleko zekhabhoni emananini omkhiqizo kukhuthaza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuba iJapane iqale uphenyo olumelene nokulahla igesi ngama-electrode e-graphite aseShayina, izinkampani zasekhaya zathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze zehlise imithwalo yentela yekhabhoni. Ukukhipha amabhondi aluhlaza kusekela izindlela zokonga amandla, njengenkampani eyodwa enciphisa isilinganiso sayo sesikweletu-kuya-kwempahla ngokushintshana kwesikweletu-kuya-kwe-equity kanye nokuxhasa i-R&D yesithando se-graphitization esiphansi.
VI. Ucwaningo Lwecala: Imiphumela Yokunciphisa Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Yama-Electrode kaChenzhou angu-600mm
Indlela Yobuchwepheshe: Ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso se-Needle coke + isithando sokushisa se-graphitization sochungechunge lwangaphakathi + ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahliwe.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwedatha:
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi: Kuncishiswe kusuka ku-5,500 kWh/ton kuya ku-4,200 kWh/ton (↓23.6%).
- Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni: Kuncishisiwe kusuka kumathani angu-4.48/ton kuya kumathani angu-1.2/ton (↓73.2%).
- Izindleko: Izindleko zamandla eyunithi zehle ngo-18%, okwandisa ukuncintisana emakethe.
Isiphetho
Ngokusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenqubomgomo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode kungafinyelela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi ngo-20%–30% kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuncishisiwe ngo-50%–70%. Ngokuthuthuka ekusetshenzisweni kwe-graphitization yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza, imboni ikulungele ukukhiqiza ikhabhoni ephezulu ngo-2030 futhi ifinyelele ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-06-2025