Izinkinga zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwama-electrode e-graphite zingaxazululwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlanganiswa kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukwenza ngcono inqubo, kanye namasu okuphatha amandla, njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi:
I. Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Imishini Esebenza Kahle Kakhulu kanye Nokufakwa Kwamandla Ahlanzekile
1. Ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe besithando se-Graphitization
Izitofu zendabuko zase-Acheson zisebenzisa ama-kWh angu-3,200-4,800 ngethani lama-electrode e-graphite, kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa okuholela ekuchithweni kwamandla. Ukwamukelwa kwezitofu ze-Longitudinal Graphitization (LWG) kunganciphisa isikhathi sokushisa sibe amahora angu-9-15, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngo-20%-30%, futhi kufinyelele ukumelana okufanayo. Isibonelo, i-Xinjiang East Hope Carbon Project yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani lama-electrode cishe ngo-300 kWh ngokusebenzisa izitofu ze-LWG, kunciphisa ngokungaqondile ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
2. Ukufakwa Esikhundleni Kwamandla Ahlanzekile
Ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa lama-electrode e-graphite kudla cishe amathani ayi-1.7 amalahle ajwayelekile futhi kukhipha amathani angu-4.5 e-CO₂. Ukusebenzisa ugesi oluhlaza (isib., amandla elanga noma omoya) ukushayela izitofu ze-graphitization kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya okuqondile. Isibonelo, amanye amabhizinisi e-Inner Mongolia andise isilinganiso sikagesi oluhlaza safinyelela ngaphezu kwama-50% ngamaphrojekthi okuhlanganisa "umthombo-igridi-umthwalo-isitoreji", kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngethani ngalinye lama-electrode ngo-40%.
3. Izinhlelo Zokubuyisa Ukushisa Okungcolile
Ukufaka ama-waste heat boilers ezigabeni zokubhaka kanye ne-graphitization kubuyisa igesi yokushisa ephezulu (200-800°C) ukuze kukhiqizwe umusi wokushisa noma wokuphehla ugesi. I-Shanxi Taigu Baoguang Carbon Project ithole ukonga minyaka yonke kwamathani angaba ngu-2,000 wamalahle ajwayelekile futhi yanciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ngamathani angu-5,200 ngokubuyisa ukushisa kwemfucuza.
II. Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo: Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla
1. Ukucubungula Izinto Eziluhlaza Okucwengisisiwe
- Isigaba Sokubala: Lawula izakhiwo ze-petroleum coke (ukuminyana kweqiniso ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, ukumelana ≤ 550 μΩ·m) ukuze unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okucubungula okulandelayo.
- Inqubo Yokufaka Imbewu: Thuthukisa ubuningi bomkhiqizo futhi unciphise ukuminyana ngokusebenzisa “ukufaka inzalo kathathu kanye nokubhaka okuphindwe kane” noma “ukufaka inzalo kabili kanye nokubhaka okuphindwe kathathu.” Isibonelo, ukufinyelela izinga lokukhuphula isisindo lokufaka inzalo yesibili elingu-≥9% kunganciphisa imijikelezo yokubhaka ephindaphindwayo futhi konge u-15%-20% ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla.
2. Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Yokwakha Izinga Lokushisa Eliphansi kanye Nokufushaniswa
Sebenzisa amasu okwakha amazinga okushisa aphansi (isb., ukukhipha ku-90-120°C) ukuze unciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi okuguquguqukayo kanye nokwehlisa amazinga okushisa okubhaka alandelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ukuze unciphise umjikelezo kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya emikhiqizweni eqediwe, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqongelelekayo.
3. Ukuvuselelwa Kwegesi Kadoti
Amagesi oketshezi avela ezithandweni zokubhaka aqukethe izingxenye ezivuthayo njenge-CO2 kanye ne-H2 angahlanzwa futhi asetshenziswe kabusha ezinhlelweni zokushisa. Iphrojekthi ye-Xinjiang East Hope isindise cishe ama-300,000 m³ egesi yemvelo minyaka yonke futhi yanciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngamathani angu-600 ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela igesi elahliwe.
III. Ukuphathwa Kwamandla: Ukwenziwa Kwedijithali kanye Nomnotho Ojikelezayo
1. Izinhlelo Zokuqapha Amandla Ezihlakaniphile
Sebenzisa izinzwa ze-IoT ukuqapha idatha yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela (isb. ugesi nokushisa) kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza, uthuthukise amapharamitha emishini ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms e-AI. Isibonelo, ibhizinisi elilodwa linciphise isikhathi sokusebenza kwesithando se-graphitization ngo-30% ngokuqapha okuhlakaniphile, konga cishe ama-kWh kagesi angu-500,000 ngonyaka.
2. Ukubanjwa, Ukusetshenziswa, kanye Nokugcinwa Kwekhabhoni (i-CCUS)
Faka amadivayisi okubamba ikhabhoni ezindaweni zokufaka igesi yohlobo lwe-graphitization furnace ukuze ucindezele i-CO₂ ukuze ijovwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma uyisebenzise njenge-feedstock yamakhemikhali. Naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zamanje (cishe i-300-600 RMB/ton CO₂), i-CCUS imele indlela ebalulekile yesikhathi eside yokususa i-carbonization ejulile.
3. Amamodeli Omnotho Ojikelezayo
- Akukho Kukhishwa Kwamanzi Angcolile: Phatha amanzi angcolile asekhaya ukuze asetshenziswe kabusha ekuhlanzeni igesi noma ekulungiseni igadi, ngenkathi usebenzisa amanzi angcolile okukhiqiza ngokuwasusa. Iphrojekthi yeShanxi Taigu ayifinyelelanga ekukhishweni kwamanzi angcolile, yasindisa cishe amathani ayi-100,000 amanzi minyaka yonke.
- Ukuvuselela Imfucuza Eqinile: Buyisela uthuli oluqoqwe endlini yezikhwama (cishe amathani angu-344 ngonyaka) kanye nezinsalela zokugaya (cishe amathani angu-500 ngonyaka) emgqeni wokukhiqiza, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwemfucuza okuhlobene nokwelashwa kwemfucuza.
IV. Inqubomgomo kanye Nokubambisana Kwemakethe: Ukuqhuba Uguquko Lwemboni
1. Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezindinganiso Zokukhipha Umoya Eziphansi Kakhulu
Yamukela izindinganiso ezifana ne-Izinga Lokukhishwa Kwezinto Ezingcolisayo Embonini Ye-Aluminium(GB25465-2010), kuphoqelelwa ukuthi kube nezinhlayiya ezincane, i-SO₂, kanye ne-NOx ezingama-≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, kanye ne-≤50 mg/m³, ngokulandelana, ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
2. Izikhuthazo Zemakethe Yokuhweba Ngekhabhoni
Faka ukukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode emakethe ye-carbon kazwelonke ukuze kudalwe imingcele yezomnotho ngokuhweba nge-carbon quota. Isibonelo, uma ibhizinisi linciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon ngethani ngalinye lama-electrode kusukela kumathani angu-4.5 kuya ku-3, lingazuza ngokuthengisa i-quota eyengeziwe, okukhuthaza umjikelezo omuhle wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon.
3. Isitifiketi Sokuthengwa Kwezinto Eziluhlaza
Abenzi bensimbi abangaphansi komfula bangafaka phambili ukuthenga ama-electrode e-graphite anekhabhoni ephansi ukuze bakhuthaze abakhiqizi abaphezulu ukuze banciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi. Isibonelo, esinye isitshalo sensimbi se-arc furnace kagesi sasidinga abahlinzeki ukuthi bafinyelele amathani angu-≤3.5 okukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ngethani lama-electrode, okubeka iprimiyamu yentengo engu-10% ngokungalandeli imithetho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-12-2025