Izinto zekhabhoni zihlukaniswa kanjani?

Izinto zekhabhoni ziza ngezinhlobo eziningi kanye nezinkulungwane

imininingwane.

• Ngokusho kwesigaba sezinto, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlukaniswa zibe imikhiqizo ye-carbonaceous, imikhiqizo ye-semi-graphitic, imikhiqizo ye-graphite yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-graphite yokwenziwa.

• Ngokwezakhiwo zazo, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-graphite electrode kanye ne-graphite anode, i-carbon electrode kanye ne-carbon anode, i-carbon block, imikhiqizo yokunamathisela, imikhiqizo ekhethekile yekhabhoni kanye ne-graphite, imikhiqizo yekhabhoni yemboni yemishini neye-elekthronikhi, i-carbon fiber kanye nezinto zayo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nemishini yamakhemikhali ye-graphite, njll.

• Ngokusho kwezinhloso zesevisi, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlukaniswa zibe imboni yensimbi, imboni ye-aluminium, imboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yemishini neye-elekthronikhi kanye nezinto ezintsha zekhabhoni ezisetshenziswa eminyangweni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

• Ngokusho kwesigaba sokusebenza, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: izinto zokuqhuba, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokusebenza:

(1) izinto eziqhuba ugesi. Njengesithando sikagesi esine-graphite electrode, i-carbon electrode, i-graphite electrode yemvelo, i-electrode paste kanye ne-anode paste (i-self-baking electrode), i-electrolysis ene-graphite anode, ibhulashi kanye nezinto ze-EDM die.

(2) Izinto zokwakha. Njenge-duty forge, i-ferroalloys furnace, i-carbide furnace, njenge-aluminium electrolytic cell lining (ebizwa nangokuthi i-carbonaceous refractory material), ukunciphisa i-nuclear reactor kanye nezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya, i-rocket noma i-missile head of department noma i-nozzle lining materials, ukumelana nokugqwala kwemishini yemboni yamakhemikhali, izinto ezingagugi zemishini yezimboni, insimbi kanye ne-non-ferrous metal smelting industry continuous casting crystallizer graphite lining, i-Semiconductor kanye namadivayisi okuncibilikisa izinto ahlanzekile kakhulu.
(3) izinto ezikhethekile zokusebenza. Njenge-biochar (i-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa, ithambo lokwenziwa, i-tendon yokwenziwa), izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-pyrolytic carbon kanye ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-graphite ephinde yasetshenziswa, i-carbon fiber kanye nezinto zayo ezihlanganisiwe, ama-graphite interlayer compounds, i-Fuller carbon kanye ne-nano carbon, njll.

• Ngokwesigaba sokusetshenziswa nenqubo, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezingu-12 ezilandelayo.

(1) Ama-electrode e-Graphite. Ihlanganisa kakhulu i-electrode ye-graphite yamandla ajwayelekile, i-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu, i-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-electrode ye-graphite yokumboza elwa ne-oxidation, ibhlogo le-graphitized, kanye ne-electrode ye-graphite yemvelo ekhiqizwe nge-graphite yemvelo njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa.
(2) I-Graphite anode. Kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo ze-electrolysis yesisombululo kanye ne-electrolysis kasawoti oncibilikisiwe esetshenzisiwe ipuleti le-anode, induku ye-anode, i-anode enkulu yesilinda (njenge-electrolysis ye-sodium yensimbi).
(3) i-electrode kagesi (enhle) yekhabhoni. Ihlanganisa kakhulu i-electrode yekhabhoni ene-anthracite esezingeni eliphezulu njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, i-anode yekhabhoni ene-coke kaphethiloli njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zeseli ye-aluminium electrolytic (okungukuthi i-anode ebhakiwe kusengaphambili), kanye nesitini segridi yekhabhoni esine-asphalt coke njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokukhiqiza ugesi kanye nomkhakha we-magnesia.
(4) uhlobo lwebhulokhi yekhabhoni (isithando sensimbi esinezinto eziphikisayo zekhabhoni). Ngokuyinhloko kuhlanganisa isithando somlilo esiqhumayo sisebenzisa ibhulokhi yekhabhoni (noma ibhulokhi yekhabhoni yokudlidliza yokudlidliza kanye nokuthosa nokucubungula, ukubumba amabhulokhi amancane ekhabhoni ashisayo kagesi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubumba noma ukubumba ngokudlidliza ngemva kokuthosa, ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwebhulokhi yekhabhoni yokuzibhaka, ibhulokhi ye-graphite, ibhulokhi ye-semi-graphite, i-graphite a silica carbide, njll.), ibhulokhi yekhabhoni ye-aluminium electrolysis cell cathode (ibhulokhi yekhabhoni eseceleni, ibhulokhi yekhabhoni ezansi), isithando se-Iron alloy, isithando se-calcium carbide kanye nezinye izithando ze-mineral thermal kagesi ezifakwe ibhulokhi yekhabhoni, isithando se-graphitization, isithando se-silicon carbide sokufaka umzimba webhulokhi yekhabhoni.
(5) i-charcoal paste. Ihlanganisa kakhulu i-electrode paste, i-anode paste kanye ne-paste esetshenziselwa ukubopha noma ukuhlanganisa ama-carbon block (njenge-coarse seam paste kanye ne-fine seam paste yokwakhiwa kwama-carbon blocks ku-blast furnace, i-bottom paste yokwakhiwa kwama-aluminium electrolytic cell, njll.).
(6) ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu kanye ne-graphite enamandla aphezulu. Ihlanganisa kakhulu i-graphite ehlanzekile kakhulu, i-graphite enamandla aphezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu kanye ne-graphite ye-isotropic ejulile kakhulu.
(7) amalahle akhethekile kanye ne-graphite. Ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa i-pyrolytic carbon kanye ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-porous carbon kanye ne-porous graphite, i-glass carbon kanye ne-recrystallized graphite.
(8) ikhabhoni engagugi kanye ne-graphite engagugi embonini yemishini. Ihlanganisa kakhulu amasongo okuvala, amabheringi, amasongo e-piston, amaslayidi kanye nama-blade eminye imishini ejikelezayo esetshenziswa emishinini eminingi yemishini.
(9) Imikhiqizo yamalahle ne-graphite yezinjongo zikagesi. Ihlanganisa kakhulu ibhulashi lenjini kagesi kanye nejenereyitha, isilayidi se-pantograph sebhasi le-trolley kanye nelocomotive kagesi, i-carbon resistor yesilawuli esithile se-voltage, izingxenye ze-carbon ze-telecom transmitter, induku ye-arc carbon, induku ye-carbon gouging carbon arc kanye nenduku ye-carbon yebhethri, njll.
(10) imishini yamakhemikhali ye-graphite (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-graphite engangeni). Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ama-heat exchanger ahlukahlukene, amathangi okusabela, ama-condenser, imibhoshongo yokumunca, amaphampu e-graphite kanye neminye imishini yamakhemikhali.
(11) I-Carbon fiber kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo. Ihlanganisa kakhulu izinhlobo ezintathu ze-pre-oxidized fiber, i-carbonized fiber kanye ne-graphitized fiber, kanye ne-carbon fiber kanye nama-resin ahlukahlukene, amapulasitiki, izinto zobumba, izinsimbi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
(12) I-Graphite interlaminar compound (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-intercalated graphite). Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-graphite eziguquguqukayo (okungukuthi, i-expanded graphite), i-graphite-halogen interlaminar compound kanye ne-graphite-metal interlaminar compound. I-Graphite ebanzi eyenziwe nge-graphite yemvelo isetshenziswe kabanzi njengezinto ze-gasket.