Ukuhlaziywa Kwendlela Yokusebenza:
Isenzakalo Sokuqhuma (Ukuqhuma):
- Ukuphunyuka okusheshayo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo: Uma okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo ku-petroleum coke kuphezulu, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-calcination, izinto eziguquguqukayo ziphuma ngokushesha. Uma izinga lokuphunyuka lishesha kakhulu, umfutho omkhulu womusi uyanqwabelana ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-petroleum coke, okuholela ekuqhumeni.
- Ukulawulwa kokushisa okungafanele: Inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo liphuma emazingeni okushisa e-calcination aphakathi kuka-600–700°C. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu phakathi nalesi sigaba, izinto eziguquguqukayo ziphuma ngamandla, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqhuma.
Isenzakalo Sokuhlanzeka:
- Ukusha okungaphelele kwezinto eziguquguqukayo: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-coke ye-petroleum eguquguqukayo ephezulu, ukusha okungaphelele kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-carbon black kanye nezinhlayiya ezingashiswanga.
- Ukuncibilika komlotha: Umlotha okwi-petroleum coke uyancibilika emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi uhlangana nezinto ezingashiswanga ukuze kwakhiwe izingxube ze-eutectic ezinamazinga aphansi okuncibilika ezinamathela ezindongeni zesithando noma emishinini, okuholela ekuqhekekeni.
- Izinga lokushisa elidlulele: Lapho izinga lokushisa le-calcination lidlula izinga lokushisa lokuthambisa lomlotha, umlotha uyancibilika bese unamathela, wakhe i-slag.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela:
Ukulawulwa Kokushisa Kwe-Calcination kanye Nezinga Lokushisa:
- Ukushisa okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba: Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-calcination, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze uvumele into eguquguqukayo ukuba iphume kancane, ugweme ukucindezela okukhulu kwangaphakathi komusi. Isibonelo, ukufudumala kancane ngaphambi kuka-900°C kungathuthukisa isivuno sangempela.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (isb., 1240–1300°C), nciphisa izinga lokushisa ngokufanele ukuze usize ekuthuthukiseni ubuningi bangempela kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-coke ene-calcined, kunciphisa ingozi yokushelela.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwemishini Yokubala:
- Gcina izinga lezinto ezisetshenziswayo liphansi: Ezitsheni zokushisa, gcina izinga lezinto ezisetshenziswayo liphansi ukuze i-petroleum coke eyengeziwe ikwazi ukukhipha ngokushesha izinto eziguquguqukayo, inciphise isikhathi sayo sokuhlala esithandweni futhi inciphise amathuba okuthi i-slagging ishelele.
- Khulisa umfutho ongemuhle: Gcina umfutho ongemuhle ophezulu ukuze kube lula ukukhipha izinto eziguquguqukayo futhi kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kwazo ngaphakathi kwesithando.
- Hlanza njalo izindawo zokulahla izinto eziguquguqukayo: Hlanza njalo izindawo zokulahla izinto eziguquguqukayo kanye neziteshi zokuqoqa ukuze uvimbele ukuvaleka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziguquguqukayo ziyakhishwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ukulungiswa Kwezilinganiso Zezinto Ezingavuthiwe:
- I-calcination exubile: Faka i-coke kaphethiloli ephansi noma i-coke ene-calcined ku-coke kaphethiloli ephezulu ukuze unciphise okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zinembile futhi uxubene ngendlela efanayo ukuze ugweme okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo okuphezulu endaweni.
- Lawula usayizi wezinhlayiya zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Susa izinto ezinkulu kakhulu kanye nokungcola kwensimbi ukuze unciphise okuqukethwe okungenazinto eziphilayo futhi unciphise imithombo ye-slagging.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamapharamitha enqubo:
- Ukulawula kahle okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo: Gcina okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okufanele ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa imimoya eyehlisa iphuzu lokuncibilika komlotha. Isibonelo, lapho okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kungaphansi kuka-5%, iphuzu lokuncibilika komlotha lehla ngo-100–150°C, okwandisa ingozi yokucwila.
- Lungiselela ukusatshalaliswa komoya: Lungisa isilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa komoya ngokwesigaba sokubala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusha okuphelele kwezinto eziguquguqukayo futhi kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon black kanye nezinto ezingashiswanga.
Ukuguqulwa Nokugcinwa Kwemishini:
- Shintsha imishini yokubala: Ukuze uthole i-coke kaphethiloli eguquguqukayo kakhulu, shintsha ngokukhethekile ama-rotary kilns noma ama-pot furnaces, njengokwengeza iziteshi zokukhipha izinto eziguquguqukayo nokuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa komoya wangaphakathi, ukuze kuvumelane nezidingo zokubala zezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemishini okuvamile: Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukugeleza komoya okubi okungaholela ekuqhekekeni. Isibonelo, hlola izitofu neziteshi zomlilo bese uhlanza ngokushesha umlotha kanye ne-slag eqongelelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-14-2026