Inqubo yobuchwepheshe enemininingwane ye-graphite electrode

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni?

Ekukhiqizweni kwekhabhoni, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhabhoni eqinile kanye ne-binder kanye ne-impregnating agent.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhabhoni eqinile zifaka i-petroleum coke, i-bituminous coke, i-metallurgical coke, i-anthracite, i-natural graphite kanye ne-graphite scrap, njll.
I-binder kanye ne-ejenti yokufumbatha ifaka i-coal pitch, i-coal tar, i-anthracene oil kanye ne-synthetic resin, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezisizayo njengesihlabathi se-quartz, izinhlayiya ze-coke zensimbi kanye ne-coke powder nazo ziyasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni.
Eminye imikhiqizo ekhethekile yekhabhoni ne-graphite (njenge-carbon fiber, i-activated carbon, i-pyrolytic carbon kanye ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-glass carbon) ikhiqizwa kwezinye izinto ezikhethekile.

Ukufakwa kwe-Calcination: Kuyini ukufakwa kwe-Calcination? Yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidinga ukufakwa kwe-Calcination?

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhabhoni ezihlukanisiwe emoyeni (1200-1500°C)
Inqubo yokwelashwa ngokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-calcination.
Ukwenziwa kwe-calcination kuyinqubo yokuqala yokwelapha ukushisa ekukhiqizweni kwekhabhoni. Ukwenziwa kwe-calcination kubangela uchungechunge lwezinguquko esakhiweni kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-carbonaceous.
Kokubili i-anthracite kanye ne-petroleum coke kuqukethe inani elithile lezinto eziguquguqukayo futhi kudingeka zifakwe i-calcium.
Izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwe-coke le-bituminous coke kanye ne-metallurgical coke liphakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-1000°C), okulingana nezinga lokushisa lesithando se-calcining esitshalweni se-carbon. Alisakwazi ukubala futhi lidinga kuphela ukomiswa ngomswakama.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-bituminous coke kanye ne-petroleum coke kusetshenziswa ndawonye ngaphambi kokufaka i-calcin, kufanele zithunyelwe ku-calciner ukuze zifake i-calcin kanye ne-petroleum coke.
I-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-carbon black akudingi i-calcination.
Ukwakha: Iyini isimiso sokwakha i-extrusion?
Ingqikithi yenqubo yokukhipha i-paste ukuthi ngemva kokuba i-paste idlule embotsheni yesimo esithile ngaphansi kwengcindezi, iyaqiniswa futhi iguqulwe ngepulasitiki ibe yindawo engenalutho enesimo nosayizi othile.
Inqubo yokubumba i-extrusion ikakhulukazi inqubo yokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwe-paste.

Inqubo yokukhipha i-paste yenziwa ekamelweni lezinto ezibonakalayo (noma isilinda se-paste) kanye nomlomo we-arc ojikelezayo.
I-hot paste ekamelweni lokulayisha iqhutshwa yi-plunger eyinhloko yangemuva.
Igesi ephahleni iphoqeleka ukuba ikhishwe njalo, iphahleni iyaqhubeka iqina futhi iphahleni iqhubekela phambili ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma i-paste inyakaza engxenyeni yesilinda yegumbi, i-paste ingabhekwa njengokugeleza okuzinzile, futhi ungqimba oluyi-granular luhambisana ngokuyisisekelo.
Lapho i-paste ingena engxenyeni ye-nozzle ye-extrusion ene-arc deformation, i-paste eseduze nodonga lomlomo ingaphansi kokumelana okukhulu kokungqubuzana ku-advance, izinto ziqala ukugoba, i-paste ngaphakathi ikhiqiza isivinini esihlukile se-advance, i-paste yangaphakathi i-advance kusengaphambili, okwenza umkhiqizo ube yi-radial density, ngakho-ke ku-extrusion block.

Kuvela ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa yijubane elihlukile lezendlalelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Ekugcineni, i-paste ingena engxenyeni yokuguqulwa okuqondile bese ikhishwa.
Ukubhaka
Kuyini ukugoqa? Iyini injongo yokugoqa?

Ukuthosa kuyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa lapho imikhiqizo eluhlaza ecindezelwe ishiswa khona ngesivinini esithile ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlukanisa umoya endaweni yokuvikela esithandweni.

Inhloso yokusekela yile:
(1) Khipha ama-volatiles Emikhiqizweni esebenzisa i-asphalt yamalahle njenge-binder, cishe ama-volatiles ayi-10% ngokuvamile akhishwa ngemva kokuthosa. Ngakho-ke, izinga lemikhiqizo ethosiwe ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwama-90%.
(2) Imikhiqizo eluhlaza yokupheka i-binder ithosiwe ngokwezimo ezithile zobuchwepheshe ukuze kwenziwe i-binder coking. Inethiwekhi ye-coke yakhiwa phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kuxhunywe ngokuqinile yonke i-aggregate ngobukhulu obuhlukene bezinhlayiya, ukuze umkhiqizo ube nezakhiwo ezithile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, lapho izinga lokupheka liphezulu, ikhwalithi iba ngcono. Izinga lokupheka i-asphalt yokushisa okuphakathi licishe libe ngu-50%.
(3) Isimo sejiyometri esiqinile
Enkambisweni yokosa imikhiqizo eluhlaza, kwenzeka into yokuthambisa nokufuduka kwe-binder. Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, kwakheka inethiwekhi yokupheka, okwenza imikhiqizo iqine. Ngakho-ke, isimo sayo asishintshi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.
(4) Yehlisa ukumelana
Enqubweni yokosa, ngenxa yokususwa kwama-volatile, ukugoba kwe-asphalt kwakha igridi ye-coke, ukubola kanye nokupholisha kwe-asphalt, kanye nokwakheka kwenethiwekhi enkulu yendandatho yekhabhoni enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, njll., ukumelana kwehla kakhulu. Cishe imikhiqizo eluhlaza engu-10000 x 10-6 ukumelana kwe-Ω “m, ngemva kokuyosa ngo-40-50 x 10-6 Ω” m, kubizwa ngokuthi ama-conductor amahle.
(5) Ukuncipha okwengeziwe komthamo
Ngemva kokuthosa, umkhiqizo uncipha cishe ngo-1% ububanzi, ubude obungu-2% kanye no-2-3% ubukhulu.
Indlela yokufakelwa: Kungani imikhiqizo yekhabhoni i-macerate?
Umkhiqizo ongavuthiwe ngemva kokubumba okucindezelwe unezimbobo ezincane kakhulu.
Nokho, ngemva kokosa imikhiqizo eluhlaza, ingxenye ye-asphalt yamalahle iyabola ibe yigesi bese iphuma, kanti enye ingxenye iyaphekwa ibe yi-bituminous coke.
Umthamo we-bituminous coke ekhiqizwayo mncane kakhulu kunowe-bitumen yamalahle. Nakuba uncipha kancane enkambisweni yokosa, ama-pores amaningi angajwayelekile namancane anobukhulu obuhlukene be-pore asakheka kumkhiqizo.
Isibonelo, i-porosity iyonke yemikhiqizo ene-graphised ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-25-32%, kanti eyemikhiqizo yekhabhoni ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-16-25%.
Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-pores kuzothinta ngokungenakugwenywa izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zemikhiqizo.
Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ene-graphitized ene-porosity ekhuphukile, ukwehla kwevolumu, ukumelana okukhuphukile, amandla okusebenza, ekushiseni okuthile kwesilinganiso se-oxidation kuyasheshiswa, ukumelana nokugqwala nakho kuyawohloka, igesi kanye noketshezi kungeneka kalula.
Ukufakwa kwe-impregnation kuyinqubo yokunciphisa ama-porosity, ukwandisa ubuningi, ukwandisa amandla okucindezela, ukunciphisa ukumelana komkhiqizo oqediwe, nokushintsha izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zomkhiqizo.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-graphitization: Kuyini ukuguqulwa kwe-graphitization?
Iyini inhloso ye-graphitization?
I-Graphitization inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo ebhakiwe ukuze ifudumale iye ekushiseni okuphezulu endaweni yokuvikela yesithando se-graphitization ukuze kwenziwe igridi yendiza ye-athomu yekhabhoni enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha ishintshe kusukela ekuhlanganeni okungahlelekile esikhaleni esinezinhlangothi ezimbili kuya ekuhlanganeni okuhlelekile esikhaleni esinezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nesakhiwo se-graphite.

Izinhloso zayo yilezi:
(1) Thuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kanye nogesi komkhiqizo.
(2) Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali komkhiqizo.
(3) Thuthukisa ukugcotshwa kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka komkhiqizo.
(4) Susa ukungcola futhi uthuthukise amandla omkhiqizo.

Umshini Wokwenza Imishini: Kungani imikhiqizo yekhabhoni idinga umshini wokwenza imishini?
(1) Isidingo sokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki

Imikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecindezelwe enobukhulu obuthile kanye nesimo esithile inamazinga ahlukene okuguqulwa kanye nomonakalo wokushayisana ngesikhathi sokosa kanye ne-graphitization. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izigcwalisi ziboshelwe ebusweni bemikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecindezelwe.
Awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa ngomshini, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo kumele ulolongwe futhi ucutshungulwe ube yisimo sejometri esibekiwe.

(2) Isidingo sokusetshenziswa

Ngokuya ngezimfuneko zomsebenzisi zokucutshungulwa.
Uma i-electrode ye-graphite yokwenza insimbi yesithando sikagesi idinga ukuxhunywa, kumele yenziwe ibe yimbobo enezintambo kuzo zombili iziphetho zomkhiqizo, bese kuthi ama-electrode amabili axhunywe ukuze asetshenziswe ngejoyinti ekhethekile enezintambo.

(3) Izidingo zobuchwepheshe

Eminye imikhiqizo idinga ukucutshungulwa ibe yizimo ezikhethekile kanye nezincazelo ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabasebenzisi.
Ngisho nokuba lukhuni kobuso obuphansi kuyadingeka.

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 10-2020