Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Yiziphi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni?
Ekukhiqizweni kwekhabhoni, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto eziqinile zekhabhoni eluhlaza kanye ne-binder kanye ne-ejenti emithisa.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni eqinile zifaka i-petroleum coke, i-bituminous coke, i-coke ye-metallurgical, i-anthracite, i-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-graphite scrap, njll.
I-binder kanye ne-ejenti yokumithisa ihlanganisa i-pitch yamalahle, itiyela lamalahle, uwoyela we-anthracene ne-synthetic resin, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezisizayo ezifana nesihlabathi se-quartz, izinhlayiya ze-coke ze-metallurgical kanye ne-coke powder nazo zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.
Eminye imikhiqizo ekhethekile ye-carbon ne-graphite (njenge-carbon fiber, i-carbon activated, i-pyrolytic carbon ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-glass carbon) ikhiqizwa kwezinye izinto ezikhethekile.
Ukubala: Kuyini ukubala?Iziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidinga ukubalwa?
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-calcination.
Ukubala kuyinqubo yokuqala yokwelapha ukushisa ekukhiqizeni ikhabhoni.Ukubala kubangela uchungechunge lwezinguquko esakhiweni nasezimpahleni ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni.
Izinga lokushisa elenza i-coke le-bituminous coke ne-coke ye-metallurgical liphakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-1000°C), elilingana nezinga lokushisa lomlilo wokubala esitshalweni sekhabhoni.Ayisakwazi ukubala futhi idinga ukomiswa ngomswakama kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-bituminous coke ne-petroleum coke kusetshenziswa ndawonye ngaphambi kokubala, kufanele kuthunyelwe kumshini wokubala ukuze kufakwe i-calcining kanye ne-petroleum coke.
I-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-carbon black ayidingi ukubala.
I-extrusion ekubumbeni inqubo ngokuyinhloko inqubo deformation plastic of unama.
Inqubo ye-extrusion yokunamathisela yenziwa ekamelweni lezinto ezibonakalayo (noma i-cylinder yokunamathisela) kanye ne-arc nozzle eyindilinga.
Unamathisele oshisayo egumbini lokulayisha uqhutshwa i-plunger eyinhloko yangemuva.
Igesi ekunamathiseleni iphoqeleka ukuba ixoshwe ngokuqhubekayo, i-paste ihlanganiswe ngokuqhubekayo futhi i-paste iqhubekela phambili ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Uma ukunamathisela kuhamba engxenyeni yesilinda yegumbi, ukunamathisela kungabhekwa njengokugeleza okuzinzile, futhi ungqimba lwe-granular luhambisana ngokuyisisekelo.
Lapho ukunamathisela kungena engxenyeni ye-extrusion nozzle nge-arc deformation, ukunamathisela eduze nodonga lomlomo kungaphansi kokumelana okukhulu nokungqubuzana kusengaphambili, impahla iqala ukugoba, ukunamathisela ngaphakathi kukhiqiza isivinini esihlukile, ukunamathisela kwangaphakathi kusengaphambili kusengaphambili, okuholela ekutheni umkhiqizo eduze kwe-radial density awufani, ngakho-ke ku-block extrusion.
Ekugcineni, ukunamathisela kungena engxenyeni ye-deformation yomugqa futhi kukhishwe.
Ukushisa kuyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa lapho imikhiqizo eluhlaza ecindezelwe ishiswa ngesilinganiso esithile ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlukanisa umoya endaweni yokuzivikela esithandweni somlilo.
Enkambweni yokushisa, ngenxa yokuqedwa kokuguquguquka, ukupheka kwe-asphalt kwakha igridi ye-coke, ukubola kanye ne-polymerization ye-asphalt, nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi enkulu yendiza ye-carbon ring ring ye-hexagonal, njll., ukuphikiswa kwehle kakhulu. Mayelana ne-10000 x 10-6 imikhiqizo eluhlaza ukumelana Ω “m, ngemva kokugazinga ngo-40-50 x 10-6 Ω” m, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-conductor amahle.
Ngemuva kokuwoswa, umkhiqizo uyancipha cishe ngo-1% ububanzi, u-2% ubude no-2-3% ngevolumu.
Nokho, ngemva kokuwoswa kwemikhiqizo eluhlaza, ingxenye yetiyela yamalahle iyabola ibe igesi futhi ibaleke, kanti enye ingxenye igalela ku-coke eyi-bituminous.
Ivolumu ye-bituminous coke eyenziwe incane kakhulu kunebitumen yamalahle.Nakuba incipha kancane enqubweni yokugazinga, izimbotshana eziningi ezingajwayelekile nezincane ezinobukhulu obuhlukene bezimbotshana zisasebenza emkhiqizweni.
Isibonelo, ingqikithi ye-porosity yemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-graphitized ngokuvamile ifika ku-25-32%, futhi leyo yemikhiqizo ye-carbon ngokuvamile i-16-25%.
Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-pores kuzothinta nakanjani izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali emikhiqizo.
Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-graphitized ene-porosity eyandayo, ukuminyana kwevolumu yehla, ukumelana nokunyuka, amandla emishini, izinga lokushisa elithile le-oxidation liyashesha, ukumelana nokugqwala kuyancipha, igesi noketshezi kungeneka kalula.
I-Impregnation iyinqubo yokunciphisa i-porosity, ukwandisa ukuminyana, ukwandisa amandla okucindezela, ukunciphisa ukumelana nomkhiqizo oqediwe, nokuguqula izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali zomkhiqizo.
Izinjongo zayo yilezi:
(1) Thuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa nogesi komkhiqizo.
(2) Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali omkhiqizo.
(3) Thuthukisa ukuthambisa nokumelana nokugqoka komkhiqizo.
(4) Khipha ukungcola futhi uthuthukise amandla omkhiqizo.
Imikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecindezelwe enosayizi othize nokuma inamadigri ahlukene okonakala kanye nokulimala kokushayisana ngesikhathi sokugazinga kanye ne-graphitization.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye ama-filler ahlanganiswe ebusweni bemikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecindezelwe.
Ngeke isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa komshini, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo kufanele ulondolozwe futhi ucutshungulwe ngendlela ecacisiwe yejometri.
(2) Isidingo sokusebenzisa
Ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi zokucubungula.
Uma i-electrode yegraphite yesithando somlilo kagesi idinga ukuxhunywa, kufanele yenziwe imbobo enentambo emikhawulweni yomibili yomkhiqizo, bese kuthi ama-electrode amabili axhunywe ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela okukhethekile okucushiwe.
(3) Izidingo zobuchwepheshe
Eminye imikhiqizo idinga ukucutshungulwa ibe yizimo ezikhethekile nezicaciso ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabasebenzisi.
Kudingeka ubuhwaba obuphansi ngisho nangaphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-10-2020