Ukubuka konke kwemakethe: Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba ka-2022, ukusebenza okuphelele kwemakethe ye-petroleum coke yaseShayina kuhle, futhi intengo ye-petroleum coke iveza umkhuba "wokwenyuka - ukwehla - okuzinzile". Isekelwa yisidingo esingezansi, intengo ye-petroleum coke esigabeni sokugcina yehle, kodwa isesephezulu kakhulu emlandweni. Ngo-2022, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-petroleum coke kukhuphuke kancane kunekota edlule. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthelela weMidlalo yama-Olimpiki asebusika, ukunyuka kwamanani kawoyela ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane, izindawo zokucwenga zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwikota yokuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kubuyele kancane kancane kwikota yesibili, kuyilapho inani elikhulu lokungeniswa kwe-petroleum coke, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-sulfur okuphakathi nendawo okuphezulu kukhuphuka, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-sulfur coke okuphansi kusalokhu kuqinile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-electrolytic ezindaweni eziphansi zomfula ngokuvamile kugcine ukukhula, futhi ukuncishiswa kwamandla eSichuan, eYunnan nakwezinye izindawo zasendaweni kwaholela ekukhiqizweni okunciphile, futhi intengo ye-aluminium ngokuvamile yayizinzile. Isidingo esibuthakathaka se-carburizer, i-graphite electrode, kanye nesidingo esikhulu sezinto ze-anode kuholele ekuhlukeni kwamanani e-coke kaphethiloli yesulfure ephakathi nendawo nephansi ezindaweni zasendaweni. I-coke kaphethiloli ye-fuel ithinteke kakhulu yimakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. I-coke kaphethiloli ye-high-sulfur esetshenziswa kusimende nakwezinye izimboni ibilokhu ilele phansi isikhathi eside. Ukungeniswa kwe-coke kaphethiloli ye-high-sulfur evela eSaudi Arabia nase-United States kwehlile, kodwa ukungeniswa kwe-coke kaphethiloli yaseVenezuela kuye kwanezelwa inani elikhulu lokungeniswa.
Isenzo sentengo
I. I-coke kaphethiloli yesulfure ephakathi nendawo ephezulu: Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba 2022, intengo yemakethe ye-coke kaphethiloli eShayina ibonise ukuthambekela "kokukhuphuka - ukwehla - okuzinzile". Kusukela ngomhlaka-19 Okthoba, intengo ebhekiselwe kuyo ye-coke kaphethiloli yayingu-4581 yuan/ton, ikhuphuke ngo-63.08% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala konyaka. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, ngenxa yezici eziningana, njengemikhawulo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sama-Olimpiki asebusika, imikhawulo yezokuthutha ngenxa yokulawulwa kobhubhane, kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani amandla omhlaba wonke athintekile yinkinga yeRussia-Ukraine, izindleko zokuhlanza izindawo zokucwenga zanda zizonke. Ngenxa yalokho, amayunithi okucwenga ezindawo eziningi zokucwenga anciphisa ukukhiqizwa, kanti amanye amayunithi okucwenga ayeka ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunikezwa kwemakethe kwehle kakhulu futhi amanani e-coke akhuphuka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amayunithi okucwenga eceleni komfula ahlinzeka ngokukhiqizwa okungekuhle kwe-coke kaphethiloli yesulfure, intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli yanda kancane kancane ngaphansi kwenkomba efanayo; Kusukela ngoMeyi, amayunithi okucwenga ayevaliwe futhi ancishisiwe ukukhiqizwa aqale kabusha ukukhiqizwa ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, ezinye izindawo zokuhluza zithenge uwoyela ongahluziwe onentengo ephansi ukuze kukhiqizwe. Ngenxa yalokho, inkomba ye-petroleum coke iyonke emakethe iye yawohloka, futhi inani elikhulu le-petroleum coke engenisiwe selifikile echwebeni, ikakhulukazi lingenisa i-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nendawo ephezulu evela eVenezuela, e-United States, eRussia, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa ikakhulukazi e-vanadium. I-500PPM ye-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nendawo ephezulu, kanye nemboni yasekhaya ye-aluminium engezansi iye yalawula ngokulandelana izakhi zokulandelela, i-vanadium ephezulu (i-vanadium > 500PPM) intengo ye-petroleum coke yehle kakhulu, kanti umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-vanadium ephansi ne-vanadium ephezulu ye-petroleum coke yanda kancane kancane. Kusukela ngoJuni, njengoba intengo ye-petroleum coke iqhubeka nokwehla, amabhizinisi e-carbon angaphansi komhlaba angene emakethe ngokulandelana ukuze athenge. Kodwa-ke, njengoba intengo ye-petroleum coke eluhlaza ihlala iphakeme isikhathi eside kulo nyaka, ingcindezi yezindleko engezansi inkulu, futhi iningi lawo lithenga ngokufunwa, futhi intengo ye-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nendawo ephezulu igcina ukusebenza okushaqisayo.
Ii. I-Coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi: Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni, umthamo wezinto ze-anode wanda, isidingo semakethe sanda kakhulu, futhi isidingo se-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi sanda kakhulu. Ngo-Ephreli, ethintekile ukuvalwa okulindelekile kwefektri yokuhlanza i-CNOOC yokulungisa, intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi yaqhubeka nokuma phezulu; Kusukela ngoJulayi, isilinganiso samandla okushisa aphezulu, ukusebenza kwemakethe yensimbi ephansi akukuhle, ukwehla komkhiqizo, ukumiswa komkhiqizo, ugesi we-graphite ephansi kufanele kube yilesi simo, ukwehla komkhiqizo okwengeziwe, ingxenye yokuvalwa, imakethe yezinto ezingezinhle ukwesekwa kwentengo ye-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi kunqunyelwe, intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli ephansi ye-sulfur yehle kakhulu; Kusukela ngoSepthemba, uMkhosi Kazwelonke kanye noMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla kufikile ngokulandelana. Isitoko esiphansi sisekele intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli ephansi ukuthi ikhuphuke kancane, kodwa ngokufika kwe-20 enkulu, ephansi yamukela izimpahla ngokucophelela, futhi intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi ihlale izinzile, futhi kwenziwe ezinye izinguquko.
Ngokuphathelene ne-coke kaphethiloli, ngo-2022, amanani amandla omhlaba wonke azokhuphuka, amanani angaphandle azohlala ephezulu futhi eguquguqukayo isikhathi eside, izindleko zesikhathi eside ze-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur zizoguqulwa, ukungeniswa kwe-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephezulu evela eSaudi Arabia nase-United States kuzokwehla, futhi intengo ye-coke kaphethiloli yaseVenezuela izoba phansi kakhulu, ngakho ukungeniswa kuzokwengeza imakethe. Intengo ye-coke ekhishwe nge-sulfur ephansi iphezulu, futhi inkomba yokufunwa kwe-coke kaphethiloli emakethe kaphethiloli yengilazi ilungisiwe.
Uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka
1. Umthamo wamayunithi okupheka aphuzile ukhuphuke kancane kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba ngo-2022. Ushintsho lomthamo lwagxila ngoSepthemba, lapho isethi yamathani angu-500,000 ngonyaka eShandong imiswa khona futhi isethi yamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngonyaka eNorthwest China yafakwa ekukhiqizweni.
Ii. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum coke eShayina ngoJanuwari-Septhemba 2022 kukhuphuke ngo-2.13% uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwenzeka ngoJanuwari-Septhemba 2021, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufinyelele khona ku-2,773,600 amathani, okuwukwenyuka ngo-14.88% uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwenzeka esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2021, ikakhulukazi ngoba amandla okukhiqiza amayunithi amabili amasha e-coking eShandong aqaliswa ukusebenza futhi aqalwa kabusha ngoJuni 2021 nangoNovemba 2021, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-petroleum coke emakethe kukhuphuke kakhulu; Kodwa-ke, unyaka wonke, ukwenyuka kokukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum coke kukhulu kakhulu kwi-petroleum coke ephakathi nendawo nephezulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokucwenga izindawo zokucwenga. Ezinye izindawo zokucwenga zisebenzisa uwoyela ongahluziwe onentengo ephansi ukunciphisa izindleko, kanti i-petroleum coke isetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo weyunithi ye-coking, okuholela ngokungaqondile ekuwohlokeni kwenkomba iyonke yemakethe ye-petroleum coke. Ngokwezibalo ze-Yinfu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke kaphethiloli yesulfure ephakathi nendawo nephezulu ngoJanuwari-Septhemba 2022 kukhuphuke ngo-2.38% uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwenzeka ngoJanuwari-Septhemba 2021.
Iii. Inani le-petroleum coke engenisiwe kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2022 lingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.1273, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-5.16%. Ngokusho kukaBacuan Yinfu, inani le-petroleum coke engenisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nokwenyuka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka, futhi ukunikezwa kwe-petroleum coke engenisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokwenyuka.
Uhlangothi lwesidingo
I. Ngokuphathelene nemakethe yekhabhoni ye-aluminium, intengo ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic ekugcineni komugqa iguqukile yaya phakathi kuka-18,000-19000 yuan/ton, futhi isikhala senzuzo iyonke yemboni ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic sisekhona. Imakethe yekhabhoni ye-aluminium engezansi iqala ukusebenza ezingeni eliphezulu lesikhathi eside, futhi imakethe iyonke inesidingo esihle se-petroleum coke. Kodwa-ke, ingaphansi kwendlela yokuthengisa "yokulungiswa kwentengo eyodwa ngenyanga", kuhlanganiswe nentengo ephezulu yesikhathi eside ye-petroleum coke eluhlaza, okuholela ekucindezelweni okukhulu kwezindleko kanye nokuthengwa okufunwayo kakhulu.
Imakethe ye-graphite electrode engezansi ithengwa kakhulu uma kudingeka. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, ngenxa yomthelela wokushisa okuphezulu, ezinye izimakethe zensimbi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa noma zamisa ukukhiqizwa. Uhlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kwamabhizinisi e-graphite electrode lunciphise ukukhiqizwa, okwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwesidingo semakethe ye-graphite electrode. Isidingo semakethe ye-Carburizer sizinzile; Umbuso usekela kakhulu intuthuko yemboni entsha yamandla. Amandla okukhiqiza emakethe yezinto ze-anode akhule ngokushesha, futhi isidingo se-petroleum coke sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ukuze kongiwe izindleko, amanye amabhizinisi athuthukise izinqubo ezintsha zokufaka esikhundleni se-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephansi nge-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephakathi nendawo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko.
Iii. Ngokuphathelene ne-fuel coke, intengo yamandla yomhlaba wonke ngo-2022 ikhuphukile, intengo yangaphandle ibilokhu iphezulu futhi ishintshashintsha isikhathi eside, izindleko zesikhathi eside ze-high-sulfur pellet coke ziguquliwe, futhi ukusebenza kokuthengiselana kwemakethe kuphakathi, kuyilapho imakethe ye-medium-low sulfur pellet coke izinzile.
Isibikezelo semakethe yesikhathi esizayo
1. Ngokombono wokunikezwa kwe-petroleum coke, kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe ye-petroleum coke iqhubeke nokukhula, futhi amandla amayunithi e-coking asanda kwakhiwa esigabeni esilandelayo afakwa ekukhiqizweni ngokulandelana. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nendawo ephezulu izobusa, kodwa iningi lawo kulindeleke ukuthi lisetshenziswe ukuzisebenzisela lona, okuzohlinzeka ngesengezo esilinganiselwe emakethe. Isidingo samabhizinisi asekhaya se-petroleum coke sizoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi inani le-petroleum coke engenisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nokukhula.
2. Ngokombono wesidingo esingezansi, uBachuan Yinfu ubikezela ukuthi isidingo se-petroleum coke embonini engezansi sizoqhubeka nokukhula ekupheleni kuka-2022 no-2023. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokungezwani kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwehla okulandelayo kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe yiSaudi Arabia ne-Opec, intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale iphezulu, ingxenye yezindleko isekelwa kahle, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-electrolytic engezansi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula, futhi isidingo sonke se-petroleum coke embonini siyaqhubeka nokukhombisa ukuthambekela okukhula. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha emakethe yezinto ze-anode kuyashesha, isidingo se-petroleum coke kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula; Intengo yamalahle kulindeleke ukuthi iguquke ngaphakathi kobubanzi obulawulwayo ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubomgomo kazwelonke zezomnotho. Isidingo semakethe sengilazi, usimende, izitshalo zamandla, ama-electrode kanye nama-carburizing agents kulindeleke ukuthi sihlale simaphakathi.
3. Izinqubomgomo zokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane kulindeleke ukuthi zisazoba nethonya elikhulu kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi zikhawulela ukuthuthwa kwezimoto. Izinqubomgomo zokulinganisela amandla ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kulindeleke ukuthi zisaba nomthelela kwezinye izindawo, futhi umthelela ophelele emakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ulinganiselwe.
Sekukonke, kulindeleke ukuthi amanani e-petroleum coke ekupheleni kuka-2022 no-2023 azohlala ephezulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Kulindeleke ukuthi uhla oluyinhloko lwentengo ye-petroleum coke luyi-yuan engu-6000-8000/ton ye-coke yesulfure ephansi (cishe i-0.5% yesulfure), i-yuan engu-3400-5500/ton ye-coke yesulfure ephakathi (cishe i-3.0% yesulfure, ngaphakathi kwe-vanadium engu-500), kanye ne-coke yesulfure ephakathi (cishe i-3.0% yesulfure, i-vanadium > 500) intengo ingu-2500-4000 yuan/ton, i-coke yesulfure ephezulu (cishe izimpahla ezijwayelekile ezingu-4.5%) intengo ingu-2000-3200 yuan/ton.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2022