Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo semakethe sezinto ze-anode zebhethri le-lithium sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2021, amabhizinisi ayisishiyagalombili aphezulu e-anode yebhethri le-lithium embonini ahlela ukwandisa amandla awo okukhiqiza afinyelele cishe ezigidini zamathani. I-Graphitization inomthelela omkhulu kumanani kanye nezindleko zezinto ze-anode. Imishini ye-graphitization eShayina inezinhlobo eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukungcola okukhulu kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzenzakalela, okunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-anode ze-graphite ngezinga elithile. Inkinga enkulu okufanele ixazululwe ngokushesha enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwezinto ze-anode.
1. Isimo samanje kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwesithando sokushisa esingesihle se-graphitization
1.1 Isithando sokushisa esingesihle se-Atchison graphitization
Ohlotsheni lwesithando olushintshiwe olusekelwe kusithando se-electrode sendabuko se-Aitcheson furnace graphitization, isithando sokuqala sigcwele i-graphite crucible njengesithwali sezinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle (isithando sigcwele izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-electrode ezingezinhle ezifakwe i-carbonized), umongo wesithando ugcwele izinto zokumelana nokushisa, ungqimba lwangaphandle lugcwele izinto zokuvimbela kanye nokuvimbela udonga lwesithando. Ngemva kokufakelwa ugesi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-2800 ~ 3000℃ likhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ngokushisa kwezinto zokuvimbela, kanti izinto ezingezinhle ezikulesi sixhobo zishiswa ngokungaqondile ukuze kufezwe i-inking yamatshe okushisa okuphezulu kwezinto ezingezinhle.
1.2. Isithando sokushisa sangaphakathi se-graphitization
Imodeli yesithando somlilo ibhekisela kusithando somlilo se-graphitization esisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-graphite, futhi ama-electrode crucible amaningana (agcwele izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle) axhunywe ngokulandelana ngobude. Isithando somlilo se-electrode siyisithwali kanye nomzimba wokushisa, futhi ugesi udlula ku-electrode crucible ukuze ukhiqize izinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi ushise ngqo izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle zangaphakathi. Inqubo ye-GRAPHitization ayisebenzisi izinto zokumelana, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kwenqubo yokulayisha nokubhaka, futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwesitoreji sokushisa kwezinto zokumelana, konga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
1.3 Isithando sokuhlobisa uhlobo lwebhokisi legridi
Isicelo seNombolo 1 siyanda eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuyinhloko kufundwa ngochungechunge lwe-acheson graphitization furnace kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe ezihlanganisiwe zesithando sokushisa, ingaphakathi lesithando lokusebenzisa izingcezu eziningi zesakhiwo sebhokisi le-anode plate grid, izinto zingene ku-cathode ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, ngokusebenzisa konke ukuxhumana okuhlanganisiwe phakathi kwekholomu yepuleti le-anode kulungisiwe, isitsha ngasinye, kusetshenziswa uphawu lwepuleti le-anode olunento efanayo. Ikholomu kanye nepuleti le-anode lesakhiwo sebhokisi lezinto zokwakha ndawonye kwakha umzimba wokushisa. Ugesi ugeleza nge-electrode yekhanda lesithando ungene emzimbeni wokushisa wengaphakathi lesithando, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elikhiqizwayo lishisa ngqo impahla ye-anode ebhokisini ukuze kufezwe injongo ye-graphitization.
1.4 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlobo ezintathu zesithando sokushisa i-graphitization
Isithando sokushisa sangaphakathi se-graphitization sihloselwe ukushisa ngqo izinto ngokushisa i-electrode ye-graphite engenalutho. "Ukushisa kwe-Joule" okukhiqizwa yi-current nge-electrode crucible kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisa izinto kanye ne-crucible. Ijubane lokushisa liyashesha, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuyalingana, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kuphakeme kunesithando sokushisa sendabuko sase-Atchison esinokushisa kwezinto zokumelana. Isithando sokushisa se-graphitization sebhokisi legridi sisebenzisa izinzuzo zesithando sokushisa sangaphakathi se-graphitization, futhi samukela ipuleti le-anode elibhakiwe kusengaphambili ngezindleko eziphansi njengomzimba wokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesithando sokushisa se-graphitization se-serial, amandla okulayisha esithando sokushisa sebhokisi legridi sikhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngomkhiqizo ngamunye kuncishisiwe ngokufanele.
2. Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesithando sokushisa esingesihle
2. 1 Lungiselela isakhiwo sodonga oluzungezayo
Njengamanje, ungqimba lokushisa lokushisa lweziko eziningana ze-graphitization lugcwele kakhulu i-carbon black kanye ne-petroleum coke. Le ngxenye yezinto zokushisa ishisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-oxidation yokushisa okuphezulu, isikhathi ngasinye lapho kulayishwa isidingo sokushintsha noma ukwengeza izinto zokushisa ezikhethekile, ukushintshwa kwenqubo yendawo embi, umfutho ophezulu wabasebenzi.
Ungacabanga ukusebenzisa i-adobe enamandla aphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwesimende, ukukhulisa amandla aphelele, ukuqinisekisa udonga kulo lonke umjikelezo wokusebenza ukuqina ekuguqukeni, ukuvalwa komthungo wezitini ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvimbela umoya owedlulele Ngokudlula emifantwini yodonga lwezitini kanye negebe elihlangene esithandweni, kunciphisa ukulahleka kokushiswa kwe-oxidation kwezinto zokuvikela kanye nezinto ze-anode;
Okwesibili ukufaka ungqimba lokufakwa komoya oluhambayo oluphelele olulenga ngaphandle kodonga lwesithando somlilo, njengokusetshenziswa kwebhodi le-fiberboard elinamandla aphezulu noma ibhodi le-calcium silicate, isigaba sokushisa sidlala indima yokuvala nokufaka umoya opholile ngempumelelo, isigaba sokubanda kulula ukusisusa ukuze kuphole ngokushesha; Okwesithathu, isiteshi sokungenisa umoya sibekwe phansi kwesithando somlilo kanye nodonga lwesithando somlilo. Isiteshi sokungenisa umoya sisebenzisa isakhiwo sezitini se-lattice esenziwe ngaphambilini nomlomo wesifazane webhande, ngenkathi sisekela ukwakhiwa kwesimende okushisa okuphezulu, futhi sicabangela ukupholisa komoya okuphoqelelwe esigabeni sokubanda.
2. 2 Lungiselela ijika lokunikezwa kwamandla ngokulingisa ngezinombolo
Njengamanje, ijika lokunikezwa kwamandla lesithando se-graphitization se-electrode esingesihle senziwe ngokuya ngesipiliyoni, futhi inqubo ye-graphitization ilungiswa ngesandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuya ngesimo sokushisa nesimo sesithando, futhi akukho standard ehlanganisiwe. Ukwenza ngcono ijika lokushisa kunganciphisa ngokusobala inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwesithando. I-NAMBA YEMODELI YOKULUNGISA KWENALENDE KUFANELE ISUNGULWE ngezindlela zesayensi ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zomngcele kanye nemingcele yomzimba, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla wamanje, i-voltage, amandla aphelele kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kwesigaba esiphambene enkambisweni ye-grapHItization kufanele buhlaziywe, ukuze kwakhiwe ijika lokushisa elifanele futhi lilungiswe njalo ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Njengasesigabeni sokuqala sokudluliselwa kwamandla ukusetshenziswa kokudluliselwa kwamandla aphezulu, bese kunciphisa amandla ngokushesha bese kuphakama kancane kancane, amandla bese kunciphisa amandla kuze kube sekupheleni kwamandla.
2. 3 Yandisa impilo yenkonzo yomzimba oshiswayo nowokushisa
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, isikhathi sokuphila kwe-crucible kanye ne-heater sinquma ngqo izindleko ze-graphitization engemihle. Ngomzimba wokushisa we-graphite crucible kanye ne-graphite, uhlelo lokuphatha ukukhiqiza lokukhipha, ukulawula okunengqondo kwesilinganiso sokushisa nokupholisa, umugqa wokukhiqiza we-crucible othomathikhi, ukuqinisa ukuvala ukuvimbela i-oxidation kanye nezinye izinyathelo zokwandisa izikhathi zokuvuselela i-crucible, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko ze-graphite inking. Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezingenhla, ipuleti lokushisa lesithando se-graphitization sebhokisi legridi lingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto zokushisa ze-anode ebhakiwe ngaphambilini, i-electrode noma izinto ze-carbonaceous eziqinile ezinokumelana okuphezulu ukuze kongiwe izindleko ze-graphitization.
2.4 Ukulawulwa kwegesi yoketshezi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahlwayo
Igesi yoketshezi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-graphitization ikakhulukazi ivela ezintweni ezishintshashintshayo nemikhiqizo yokusha kwezinto ze-anode, ukushiswa kwekhabhoni engaphezulu, ukuvuza komoya njalo njalo. Ekuqaleni kokuqala kwesithando somlilo, izinto ezishintshashintshayo nothuli ziyaphuma eningini, indawo yokusebenza ayinhle, amabhizinisi amaningi awanazo izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, lena yinkinga enkulu ethinta impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrode engemihle. Kufanele kwenziwe imizamo eminingi yokucabanga ngokuphelele ngokuqoqwa nokuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwegesi yoketshezi nothuli endaweni yokusebenza, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokungenisa umoya ezifanele ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa endaweni yokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukisa indawo yokusebenza yendawo yokusebenza ye-graphitization.
Ngemva kokuba igesi yomoya iqoqwe nge-flue iye ekamelweni lokushisa, kususwe iningi le-tar kanye nothuli kugesi yomoya, kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokushisa legesi yomoya ekamelweni lokushisa libe ngaphezu kuka-800℃, futhi ukushisa okungcolile kwegesi yomoya kungatholakala nge-waste heat steam boiler noma i-shell heat exchanger. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisa be-RTO obusetshenziswa ekwelapheni intuthu ye-asphalt yekhabhoni bungasetshenziswa futhi njengereferensi, futhi igesi yomoya ...
2. 5 Isithando sokushisa esiqondile esiqhubekayo se-graphitization
Izinhlobo eziningana zesithando sokushisa esishiwo ngenhla yisakhiwo esiyinhloko sesithando sokushisa sokukhiqiza izinto ze-anode eShayina, iphuzu elivamile ukukhiqizwa okuvamile ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kokushisa, ukulayisha ngaphandle kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngesandla, izinga lokuzenzakalela aliphezulu. Isithando sokushisa esiqhubekayo esiqondile esingaguquki singathuthukiswa ngokubhekisela kumodeli yesithando sokushisa se-petroleum coke calcination kanye nesithando sokushisa se-bauxite calcination shaft. I-ARC yokumelana isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa okushisa okuphezulu, izinto zikhishwa njalo ngamandla azo adonsela phansi, kanti isakhiwo sokupholisa amanzi esivamile noma sokupholisa igesi sisetshenziselwa ukupholisa izinto ezishisayo eziphezulu endaweni yokuphuma, kanti uhlelo lokudlulisa i-powder pneumatic lusetshenziselwa ukukhipha nokondla izinto ngaphandle kwesithando sokushisa. Uhlobo lwe-FURNACE lungakhiqiza ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa kokugcina ukushisa komzimba wesithando sokushisa kungashaywa indiva, ngakho ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, izinzuzo zokukhipha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla zisobala, futhi ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okuphelele kungabonakala ngokugcwele. Izinkinga eziyinhloko okufanele zixazululwe ukugeleza kwempuphu, ukufana kwezinga le-graphitization, ukuphepha, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kanye nokupholisa, njll. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngentuthuko ephumelelayo yesithando somlilo ukuze kukhuliswe umkhiqizo wezimboni, kuzoqala inguquko emkhakheni we-graphitization ye-electrode engemihle.
3 ulimi lwefindo
Inqubo yamakhemikhali e-graphite iyinkinga enkulu ehlupha abakhiqizi bezinto ze-lithium battery anode. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi kusenezinkinga ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, izindleko, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, izinga lokuzenzakalela, ukuphepha kanye nezinye izici zesithando sokushisa esisetshenziswa kabanzi se-graphitization. Umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo wemboni ubheke ekuthuthukisweni kwesakhiwo sesithando sokukhiqiza esiqhubekayo esizenzakalelayo nesihlelekile, kanye nokusekela izikhungo zenqubo ezivuthiwe nezithembekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkinga ze-graphitization ezihlupha amabhizinisi zizothuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi imboni izongena enkathini yentuthuko ezinzile, ithuthukise intuthuko esheshayo yezimboni ezintsha ezihlobene namandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-19-2022