1. Isigaba sokushisa esiphansi (izinga lokushisa legumbi lifinyelela ku-350℃)
Uma izinga lokushisa langempela lokushisa lomzimba oluhlaza lifinyelela kuma-degree Celsius angu-100 kuya kwangu-230, umzimba oluhlaza uqala ukuthamba, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuyakhululeka, ivolumu iyanda kancane, kodwa akukho okuningi okuguquguqukayo okuphumayo, futhi umzimba oluhlaza usesigabeni sepulasitiki. Kulesi sigaba, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukushisa i-carbon billet kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-billet eluhlaza, ezinye zezingxenye zokukhanya ze-asphalt ziyahamba futhi zisakazeke futhi zigeleze. Njengoba izinga lokushisa liqhubeka likhuphuka lifike ku-230-400℃, izinga lokubola kwe-asphalt liyashesha kancane kancane. Ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-350-400℃, i-asphalt iyabola ngamandla futhi inani elikhulu le-volatile matter liyakhishwa. Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa lidinga ukulawulwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe ekubangeleni ukugcwala kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugwema ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwe-volatile matter engabangela imifantu ku-carbon billet.
2. Isigaba sokupheka esiphakathi nendawo (350℃ kuya ku-800℃)
Uma izinga lokushisa langempela lokushisa komzimba oluhlaza likhuphuka lifike ku-400-550℃, izinga lokubola kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-asphalt liyehla, lingene esigabeni esilawulwa yi-polycondensation reaction. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-asphalt idlula ekuboleni kokushisa kanye ne-polycondensation ukuze yakhe i-semi-coke. Kuleli qophelo, inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhishwayo liyancipha, futhi umthamo womzimba oluhlaza uyashintsha kusukela ekukhuleni kuya ekuncipheni. Lapho izinga lokushisa langempela lokushisa lomzimba oluhlaza lifika ku-500 kuya ku-700℃, i-semi-coke eyakhiwe yi-asphalt iqhubeka nokuguquka ibe yi-binder coke (i-asphalt coke), izinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhishwa ukubola kwe-asphalt ziyancipha kakhulu, futhi umzimba oluhlaza okotshani uyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Kuleli qophelo, i-asphalt binder isishintshe yaba yi-binder coke, futhi ukuhanjiswa kokushisa komzimba oluhlaza okotshani kukhuphukile. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ikhwalithi yokuthosa. I-binder idlula inani elikhulu lezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubola, i-polymerization, i-cyclization kanye ne-aromatization reactions. Ukubola kwe-binder kanye nokuphinda ku-polymerization kwemikhiqizo yokubola kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, kwakha isigaba esiphakathi. Ukukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinto ezingaphambili. Ku-400℃, umkhiqizo uqala ukubonisa ukubola, kodwa amandla asephansi kakhulu, futhi ukunamathela kwe-asphalt kwehla. Ku-500℃, yize kusekhona inani elincane lezinto eziguquguqukayo, isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhabhoni sesivele sakhekile. I-semi-coke yakhiwa ku-500 kuya ku-550℃, futhi izinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhiqizwa ukubola kwe-asphalt okushisayo zikhishwa ngokuyisisekelo ngaphambi kuka-600 kuya ku-650℃. I-Coke yakhiwa ku-700 kuya ku-750℃. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokubola kwe-asphalt futhi kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zemikhiqizo, izinga lokushisa kumele liphakanyiswe ngokulinganayo nangokuhamba kancane kulesi sigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi sigaba, inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo liyakhishwa, ligcwalise igumbi lonke lesithando. La magesi ayabola ebusweni bemikhiqizo eshisayo, akhiqize ikhabhoni eqinile ebeka ema-pores nasema-surface emikhiqizo, andise isivuno se-coke futhi avale ama-pores emikhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela andise amandla awo. Isici esivelele kakhulu sokusabela kulesi sigaba ukwakheka kwe-polymerization kanye nokubola kwamaqembu asebenzayo kanye nokwanda kancane kancane kokuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen kugesi ekhishwayo.
3. Isigaba sokushisa okuphezulu (800℃ kuya ku-1200~1350℃)
Uma umkhiqizo ufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-700℃, inqubo yokubilisa ye-binder iqedwa ngokuyisisekelo. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokubilisa esinokushisa okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa lingakhushulwa kancane. Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa amahora angu-15 kuya kwangu-20. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubilisa, kwakheka ama-molecule amakhulu e-aromatic planar. Ama-athomu ahlukene angaphandle namaqembu e-athomu ama-molecule e-planar ayaphuka futhi akhishwe. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-molecule e-planar ayahlelwa kabusha. Ngaphezulu kuka-900℃, ama-athomu e-hydrogen onqenqemeni ayaphuka kancane kancane futhi asuswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-binder coke iyancipha futhi iqine. Kuleli qophelo, inqubo yamakhemikhali iyancipha kancane kancane, ukuncipha kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwehla kancane kancane, kuyilapho ubuningi bangempela, amandla kanye nokuqhuba kukagesi konke kukhuphuka.
4. Isigaba sokupholisa
Ngesikhathi sokupholisa, izinga lokupholisa lingashesha kancane kunezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomkhawulo wokuqhuba kokushisa komkhiqizo, izinga lokupholisa ngaphakathi komkhiqizo lingaphansi kwalelo elisebusweni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha amazinga okushisa kanye nama-gradient okucindezeleka kokushisa obukhulu obuhlukene kusukela maphakathi kuya ebusweni bomkhiqizo. Uma ukucindezeleka kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu, kuzobangela ukuncipha okungalingani kwangaphakathi nangaphandle futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni. Ngakho-ke, ukupholisa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela elawulwayo. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokupholisa, ukupholisa kwe-gradient kuyasetshenziswa. Izinga lokupholisa ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-800℃ alidluli ku-3℃/h ukuze kugwenywe imifantu ebangelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo. Izinga lokushisa lapho imikhiqizo iphuma khona esithandweni kumele libe ngaphansi kuka-80℃. Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi olune-atomized, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele ligcinwe lizinzile ku-40℃±2℃ ukuvimbela umonakalo wokushaqeka kokushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2025