I-Cnooc (Qingdao) Ubunjiniyela Bokucubungula Amafutha Anzima Isikhungo Socwaningo Lobuchwepheshe Co., LTD
Ubuchwepheshe Bokulungisa Imishini, Inkinga 32, 2021
Isifinyezo: Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe baseShayina kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphinde kwathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla ethu ezomnotho kanye namandla kazwelonke jikelele. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwenza insimbi yesekethe, i-needle coke isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-graphite. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yebhethri le-lithium, kanye nasembonini yamandla enuzi kanye nemikhakha yezindiza. Ngokukhuthazwa kwesizinda sesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenza insimbi yesithando sikagesi kuye kwakhuthazwa, futhi amazinga ahambisanayo nezidingo ze-needle coke ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kuye kwabuyekezwa njalo, ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wezenhlalo. Ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza, i-needle coke ihlukaniswe ngochungechunge lwe-petroleum kanye nochungechunge lwamalahle. Ngokusho kwemiphumela ethile yesicelo, kungabonakala ukuthi i-needle coke yochungechunge lwe-petroleum inomsebenzi wamakhemikhali onamandla kunochungechunge lwamalahle. Kuleli phepha, sifunda ngesimo samanje semakethe yokugxila kwenaliti kaphethiloli kanye nezinkinga enqubweni yocwaningo nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe obufanele, futhi sihlaziye ubunzima ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqiza kanye nobunzima obuhlobene bobuchwepheshe bokugxila kwenaliti kaphethiloli.
I. Isingeniso
I-Needle coke idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-graphite electrode. Kusukela esimweni samanje sentuthuko, amazwe athuthukile angaphandle njenge-United States ne-Japan aqale ekuqaleni ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-needle coke, futhi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele kuye kwavame ukuba okuvuthiwe, futhi sebekwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinhloko be-petroleum needle coke. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ucwaningo oluzimele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-needle ekugxilweni kukawoyela kuqala sekwephuzile. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho wethu wemakethe, ukukhuthaza ukwanda okuphelele kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene yezimboni, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko ye-needle ekugxilweni kukawoyela kuye kwenza intuthuko eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwafezwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, kusenezikhala ezithile ekhwalithini kanye nomphumela wokusetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo engenisiwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa isimo samanje sentuthuko yemakethe kanye nobunzima bobuchwepheshe ohlelweni lukawoyela.
Ii. Isingeniso kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-petroleum needle coke
(1) Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo samanje sentuthuko ye-petroleum needle coke ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Ubuchwepheshe be-petroleum needle coke baqala e-United States ngawo-1950. Kodwa izwe lethu selivuliwe ngokusemthethweni
Ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-coke ye-petroleum needling coke lwaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izikhungo zocwaningo zaseShayina zaqala ukwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ku-coke ye-petroleum needling futhi zihlola njalo futhi zicwaninga ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo-1990, izwe lethu seliqede ucwaningo oluningi lokuhlola ngokulungiselela uhlelo lwe-petroleum olugxile ku-needle, futhi lafaka isicelo sobuchwepheshe obufanele be-patent. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifanele, i-Academy of Sciences yasekhaya eminingi kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene nayo atshale imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni futhi akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwemboni. Izinga locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-petroleum needling coke nalo liyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sasekhaya se-petroleum needling coke. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwasekhaya kanye nokukhiqiza akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe, ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yasekhaya igcwele imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Uma sibheka isimo samanje sentuthuko, nakuba ukugxila kanye nokunaka kwamanje kocwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obugxile ku-petroleum kuyanda, ngokwezinga locwaningo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe, kunezinkinga ezithile ezenza ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obufanele ibe yizithiyo, okuholela egebeni elikhulu phakathi kwezwe lethu namazwe athuthukile.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi asekhaya e-petroleum needle coke
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya nowangaphandle kanye nomphumela wokusetshenziswa, kungabonakala ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo ekhwalithini ye-petroleum needle coke ubangelwa kakhulu umehluko ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ze-thermal expansion coefficient kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, okubonisa umehluko ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo [1]. Leli gebe lekhwalithi libangelwa kakhulu ubunzima bokukhiqiza enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Kuhlanganiswe nenqubo ethile yokukhiqiza kanye nokuqukethwe kwendlela ye-petroleum needle coke, ubuchwepheshe bayo bokukhiqiza obuyinhloko buqondene kakhulu nezinga lokwelashwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Njengamanje, yiShanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) kanye neJinzhou Petrochemical kuphela ezenze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlelo lokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza lwe-petroleum needle coke yeJinzhou Petrochemical Company oluvuthiwe, amandla okucubungula edivayisi athuthukiswa njalo, futhi imikhiqizo ehlobene ekhiqizwayo ingafinyelela ezingeni eliphakathi neliphezulu emakethe, elingasetshenziswa kuma-electrode okwenza insimbi enamandla aphezulu noma aphezulu kakhulu.
Iii. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yasekhaya ye-petroleum needle coke
(1) Ngokusheshisa kwezimboni, isidingo se-needle coke sikhula nsuku zonke
Izwe lethu liyizwe elikhulu elikhiqiza izimboni emhlabeni, elinqunywa kakhulu yindlela esakhiwe ngayo izimboni zethu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi nensimbi nakho kungenye yezimboni ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa intuthuko yomnotho wethu. Ngaphansi kwalesi sizinda, isidingo sokusebenzisa izinaliti siyakhula nsuku zonke. Kodwa njengamanje, ucwaningo lwethu lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinga lentuthuko kanye namandla okukhiqiza akuhambisani nesidingo semakethe. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi zimbalwa izinkampani ezigxile ku-petroleum needle ezingakhiqiza amazinga ekhwalithi, futhi amandla okukhiqiza awazinzile. Nakuba ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele luqhubeka njengamanje, kodwa bafuna ukuhlangabezana ne-electrode enamandla aphezulu noma enamandla aphezulu kakhulu futhi kukhona igebe elikhulu, okuholela ezinkingeni ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi kwemikhiqizo egxile ku-petroleum needle. Njengamanje, imakethe ye-coke yokulinganisa inaliti ihlukaniswe yi-coke yokulinganisa inaliti kaphethiloli kanye ne-coke yokulinganisa inaliti yamalahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-coke yokulinganisa inaliti kaphethiloli iphansi kancane kune-coke yokulinganisa inaliti yamalahle kungaba ngobuningi bokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi noma ezingeni lentuthuko, okungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukwanda okusebenzayo kwe-coke yokulinganisa inaliti kaphethiloli yaseShayina. Kodwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imboni yensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kanye nesidingo sokukhiqiza se-electrode yamandla aphezulu kakhulu kaphethiloli kuyanda. Lokhu kugcizelela nokuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lethu lentuthuko yezimboni kanye nokusheshiswa kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, isidingo se-needle coke sizokhula kakhulu.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kwentengo entantayo yemakethe ye-needle coke
Ngokwezinga lamanje lentuthuko yezimboni kanye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nokuqukethwe kwezimboni zezwe lethu, kutholakale ukuthi uchungechunge lwe-petroleum lwe-needle-measure coking lufaneleka kakhulu ezweni lethu kunochungechunge lwamalahle lwe-needle-measure coking, okuzoqhubeka nokwenza isimo sasekhaya sokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo se-needle-measure coking, ukuze kuxazululwe isimo sokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sohlelo lwe-petroleum, singathembela kuphela ekungenisweni kwempahla. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpawu zokuguquguquka kwentengo yemikhiqizo engenisiwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, kungabonakala ukuthi intengo yemikhiqizo ye-needle coke kaphethiloli engenisiwe ibilokhu ikhuphuka kusukela ngo-2014. Ngakho-ke, embonini yasekhaya, ngokukhula kwegebe lokuphakelwa kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo yokungenisa, i-petroleum needle coke izoba yindawo entsha yokutshalwa kwezimali embonini ye-needle coke yaseShayina [2].
Okwesine, ucwaningo lwethu lokugxila kwenaliti kawoyela kanye nokuhlaziywa kobunzima bobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
(1) Ukuhlaziywa kobunzima bokulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
Ngokuhlaziywa kwenqubo yonke yokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum needle-coke, kungabonakala ukuthi, ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-petroleum iyona nto eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwemithombo kaphethiloli, uwoyela ongahluziwe udinga ukumbiwa ngaphansi komhlaba, kanti uwoyela ongahluziwe we-petroleum ezweni lethu uzosebenzisa ama-catalyst ahlukahlukene enkambisweni yokumba nokucubungula, ukuze kube nokungcola okuthile emikhiqizweni kaphethiloli. Le ndlela yokwelashwa kwangaphambili izoletha imiphumela emibi ekukhiqizweni kwe-petroleum needle coke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-petroleum ngokwayo ikakhulukazi yi-aliphatic hydrocarbon, okuqukethwe kwe-aromatic hydrocarbon kuphansi, okubangelwa izici zemithombo kaphethiloli ekhona. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum needle coke esezingeni eliphezulu kunezidingo eziqinile zezinto zokusetshenziswa, enesilinganiso esikhulu sokuqukethwe kwe-aromatic hydrocarbon, futhi ikhetha i-sulfur ephansi, i-oxygen, i-asphaltene kanye neminye i-petroleum njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, okudinga ukuthi ingxenye yesisindo se-sulfur ingaphansi kuka-0.3%, kanti ingxenye yesisindo se-asphaltene ingaphansi kuka-1.0%. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni nasekuhlaziyweni kokwakheka kokuqala, kutholakale ukuthi iningi lamafutha angcolile acutshungulwa ezweni lethu lingelamafutha angcolile anesibabule esiningi, kanye nokuntuleka kwamafutha afanele ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi. Kunzima kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe ukususa ukungcola kumafutha. Okwamanje, i-Jinzhou Petrochemical, esekhulile kakhulu ku-R&D kanye nokukhiqiza okwamanje, idinga izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke eqondiswe kunaliti enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-coke eqondiswe kunaliti kaphethiloli. Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokungazinzi kwekhwalithi kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukuzinza kwekhwalithi ye-coke eqondiswe kunaliti [3]. I-Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. yaklama futhi yamukela ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zeyunithi yokukhiqiza ye-coke yenaliti kaphethiloli.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokususa izinhlayiya eziqinile. Ngaphezu kokukhetha uwoyela osindayo ofanele ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke, izinto eziyingozi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zazisuswa ngaphambi kokuzipheka.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kobunzima bobuchwepheshe enqubweni yokubambezeleka kokuphekwa kwe-coke yenaliti ye-petroleum
Ukusebenza kokukhiqiza i-needle coke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kunezidingo eziphezulu zokulawula izinguquko zokushisa kwemvelo kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza enkambisweni ethile yokucubungula. Kungenye yezinkinga enkambisweni yokupheka i-coke yokukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke ukuthi ingcindezi, isikhathi kanye nezinga lokushisa le-coke kungalawulwa ngokwesayensi nangokufanele, ukuze isikhathi sokusabela sikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungiswa okungcono kanye nokulungiswa kwamapharamitha enqubo yokupheka i-coke kanye nezindinganiso ezithile zokusebenza kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwe-coke ye-needle.
Inhloso eyinhloko yokusebenzisa isithando sokushisa emsebenzini wokushintsha izinga lokushisa ukwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile ngokuhambisana nenqubo yokukhiqiza i-needle coke ukuze izinga lokushisa elizungezile lifinyelele imingcele edingekayo. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokushintsha izinga lokushisa ukukhuthaza ukusabela kwe-coking kungenziwa endaweni yokushisa ehamba kancane nephansi ngenkathi kubambezeleka ukusabela kwe-coking, ukuze kufezwe ukujiya okunuka kamnandi, kuqinisekiswe ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwama-molecule, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angaqondiswa futhi aqiniswe ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwesimo. Isithando sokushisa siwumsebenzi obalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-petroleum needle coke, futhi kunezidingo ezithile namazinga emingcele ethile yobubanzi bokushisa, engeke ibe ngaphansi komkhawulo ophansi ongu-476℃ futhi engeke idlule umkhawulo ophezulu ongu-500℃. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi isithando sokushisa esiguquguqukayo siyimishini nezindawo ezinkulu, kufanele sinake ukufana kwekhwalithi yombhoshongo ngamunye we-needle coke: umbhoshongo ngamunye enkambisweni yokudla, ngenxa yokushisa, ingcindezi, isivinini somoya nezinye izinto ziyashintshwa, ngakho-ke umbhoshongo we-coke ngemuva kwe-coke awulingani, usezingeni eliphakathi neliphansi. Indlela yokuxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yokufana kwekhwalithi ye-needle coke nayo ingenye yezinkinga okufanele zicatshangelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-needle coke.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwesiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo se-petroleum needle coke
(a) Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi ye-needle coke yesistimu kaphethiloli yasekhaya
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nemakethe yokugxila kwenaliti kuye kwabuswa yi-United States neJapan. Njengamanje, ekukhiqizweni kwangempela kwe-needle coke eShayina, kusenezinkinga ezithile, njengekhwalithi engazinzile, amandla aphansi e-coke kanye ne-powder coke eningi. Nakuba i-needle coke ekhiqizwe isetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kanye nanamandla aphezulu kakhulu ngobuningi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-graphite anamandla amakhulu ngobuningi obukhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwethu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugxila kwenaliti akukayeki, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka. I-Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., i-Sinosteel Coal measure needle coke, i-Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Amayunithi e-needle coke ochungechungeni lwamafutha afinyelele amathani angu-40,000-50,000/isikali sonyaka, futhi angasebenza ngokuqina, athuthukise ikhwalithi njalo.
(2) Isidingo sasekhaya se-petroleum needle coke siyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi nensimbi kudinga inani elikhulu lama-electrode anamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nama-electrode anamandla aphezulu. Kulesi simo, isidingo se-needle coke sokukhiqizwa kwe-electrode yamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nama-electrode anamandla aphezulu sikhula ngokushesha, kulinganiselwa cishe kumathani angu-250,000 ngonyaka. Umkhiqizo wensimbi yesithando sikagesi eShayina ungaphansi kuka-10%, kanti isilinganiso somkhiqizo womhlaba wonke wensimbi yesithando sikagesi sifinyelele ku-30%. Izinsimbi zethu ezisele zifinyelele ku-160 million tons. Ngokwesimo samanje esikhathini eside, ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yesithando sikagesi akunakugwenywa, ukushoda kokunikezwa kwe-needle coke ngeke kube yinto engenakugwenywa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokwandisa umthombo wezinto zokusetshenziswa nokuthuthukisa indlela yokukhiqiza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza.
(3) Ukwanda kwesidingo semakethe kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lobuchwepheshe be-R&D basekhaya
Igebe lekhwalithi kanye nokwanda kwesidingo se-needle-scorch kudinga ukusheshiswa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-needle-scorch. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-needle-scorch, abacwaningi sebeqaphele kakhulu ubunzima ekukhiqizweni kwe-needle-scorch, bandisa imizamo yocwaningo, futhi bakhe izindawo zokuhlola ezincane nezilingayo ukuze bathole idatha yokuhlola yokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-needle coke buhlala buthuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo. Ngokombono wezinto zokusetshenziswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza, ukushoda kwamafutha emhlabeni kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-sulfur okwandayo kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-needle coke yesistimu yamafutha. Indawo entsha yokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwezimboni ye-needle coke yamafutha yakhiwe futhi yaqala ukusebenza eShandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., futhi kukhiqizwe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhle kakhulu ze-needle coke yechungechunge lamafutha, okuzothuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi kanye nomkhiqizo we-needle coke yechungechunge lamafutha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-07-2022