Indlela yokufaka isithando somlilo
I-ejenti ye-carburizing ifanelekela ukuncibilikiswa esithandweni sokungenisa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile akufani ngokwezidingo zenqubo.
(1) Esithandweni esiphakathi esincibilika kusetshenziswa i-carburizing agent, ngokwesilinganiso noma izidingo ezilingana nekhabhoni ngezinto ezifakwe engxenyeni engezansi yesithando, izinga lokutakula lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-95%;
(2) ukuncibilika kwensimbi ewuketshezi uma inani lekhabhoni linganele ukulungisa isikhathi sekhabhoni, qala ngokudlala i-slag yesithando somlilo, bese ufaka i-ejenti ye-carburizing, ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwensimbi ewuketshezi, ukuxubha nge-electromagnetic noma ukuxubha okwenziwe ukuze kuncibilikiswe ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni, izinga lokutakula lingaba cishe ama-degrees angu-90, uma inqubo ye-carburizing yokushisa okuphansi, okungukuthi, ukushaja kuncibilikisa ingxenye yokushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuphela, yonke i-ejenti ye-carburizing uma isifakwe ensimbini ewuketshezi, Ngesikhathi esifanayo, icindezelwa ensimbini ewuketshezi nge-ejenti eqinile ukuze igcinwe ebusweni bensimbi ewuketshezi. Le ndlela ingandisa i-carburizing yensimbi ewuketshezi ngaphezu kuka-1.0%.
Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-ejenti ye-carburizing esithandweni sokungenisa
1, ukusetshenziswa kwesithando sikagesi esingu-5T noma ngaphezulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyodwa futhi zizinzile, sincoma indlela yokwengeza ehlakazayo. Ngokusho kwezidingo zokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, ngokwesilinganiso sezithako, i-ejenti ye-carburizing kanye neshaja yensimbi neqoqo ngalinye lezinto ukuze ijoyine isithando engxenyeni engezansi, ungqimba lweshaja yensimbi ungqimba lwe-ejenti ye-carburizing, izinga lokumuncwa kwekhabhoni lingafinyelela ku-90%-95%, i-ejenti ye-carburizing ekuncibilikeni ayincibiliki, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukugoqwa nge-slag engcolile, ethinta ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni;
2. Kusetshenziswa isithando sokushisa esiphakathi nendawo esingaba ngu-3T, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyodwa futhi zizinzile. Sincoma indlela yokwengeza ephakathi. Uma inani elincane lensimbi encibilikisiwe lincibilikiswa noma lishiywa esithandweni, i-carburizing agent ifakwa ebusweni bensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, bese kungezwa ishaja yensimbi ngokushesha. I-carburizing agent icindezelwa ensimbini encibilikisiwe, ukuze i-carburizing agent ixhumane ngokuphelele nensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi izinga lokumuncwa lingaphezu kuka-90%;
3, ukusetshenziswa kwesithando sikagesi esincane esiphakathi nendawo, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinensimbi yengulube nezinye izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, sincoma ukulungiswa kahle kwe-ejenti ye-carburizing. Ngemva kokuncibilika kwensimbi/insimbi encibilikisiwe, lungisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, kungangezwa ebusweni bensimbi/insimbi encibilikisiwe, ngokusebenzisa ukuxubana kwamanje kwensimbi (insimbi) noma ukuxubana okwenziwe ukuze kuncibilikiswe futhi kudonswe umkhiqizo, izinga lokumuncwa kwekhabhoni licishe libe ngu-93%.
Indlela yokulungisa i-carburization yesithando sangaphandle
1. Futha impuphu ye-graphite ngaphakathi kwesikhwama
Impuphu ye-graphite njenge-ejenti yokugabha, efaka inani elingu-40kg/t, kulindeleke ukuthi yenze okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi ewuketshezi kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-3%. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi ewuketshezi kwanda kancane kancane, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni lehla. Izinga lokushisa lensimbi ewuketshezi ngaphambi kokugabha kwakungu-1600℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ngemva kokugabha kwakungu-1299℃. Impuphu ye-graphite i-carburization, ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-nitrogen njengesithwali, kodwa ezimweni zokukhiqiza zezimboni, umoya ocindezelwe ulula kakhulu, kanti umoya-mpilo oshiswa emoyeni ocindezelwe ukukhiqiza i-CO2, ukushisa kokusabela kwamakhemikhali kungabuyisela ingxenye yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, futhi umoya wokunciphisa i-CO2 usiza ekuthuthukiseni umphumela wokugabha.
2, ukusetshenziswa kwe-iron carburizing agent
I-100-300 graphite powder carburizing ejenti ingafakwa ephaketheni, noma kusukela emkhombeni wensimbi ophumayo kanye nokugeleza ungene, ngemuva kokuba insimbi iphume oketshezini ivuselelwe ngokugcwele, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncibilikiswe ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni, izinga lokutakula kwekhabhoni licishe libe ngu-50%.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ejenti ye-carburizing kufanele unake inkinga
Uma isikhathi sokwengeza i-carburizing agent sisesencane kakhulu, kulula ukuyinamathisela eduze kwephansi lesithando, futhi i-carburizing agent exhunywe odongeni lwesithando akulula ukuyihlanganisa ne-liquid iron. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwengeza isikhathi sekwephuzile kakhulu, kuzolahlekelwa ithuba lokufaka ikhabhoni, okuholela ekuncibilikeni, isikhathi sokushisa sihambe kancane. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubambezela isikhathi sokuhlaziywa nokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kuyingozi ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukufudumala ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, i-carburizing agent noma inqubo yokwengeza ishaja yensimbi kancane kancane ukuze ihlangane.
Njengoba kwenzeka uma kufakwe inani elikhulu lokwengeza, kungahlanganiswa nesithando sokungenisa lapho kuqhutshwa ukushisa kwensimbi ewuketshezi kanye nokucabangela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokumuncwa kwensimbi ewuketshezi singama-10min, ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokusebenzisa umphumela wokuxuba we-electromagnetic we-carburizer ngokugcwele ukumuncwa, ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokumuncwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani le-nitrogen elilethwa ku-carburizer lingancishiswa.
Ungangezi kanye, faka ngamaqoqo, bese ekugcineni uncibilikisa ingxenye, faka ingxenye yensimbi eshisayo (cishe iphakethe) esikhwameni, bese uyibuyisela ku-carburizer yesithando izikhathi ezingu-1-2, bese ufaka i-slag, bese ufaka i-alloy.
Kunezici eziningana okufanele uzinake:
1. I-ejenti yokugaya ukudla kunzima ukuyimunca (ngaphandle kokufaka i-calcium emzimbeni);
2, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya zomlotha we-carburizing agent akuhambisani;
3. Ukujoyina sekwephuze kakhulu;
4. Indlela yokuhlanganisa ayilungile, futhi kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa okunezingqimba. Gwema isibuko sensimbi esiwuketshezi kanye ne-slag eningi kakhulu uma ingeziwe;
5. Zama ukungasebenzisi izinto ezigqwalile kakhulu.
Izici ze-ejenti ye-carburizing esezingeni eliphezulu
1, usayizi wezinhlayiya uphakathi nendawo, i-porosity inkulu, isivinini sokumuncwa siyashesha.
2. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ahlanzekile, ikhabhoni ephezulu, isibabule esincane, izingxenye ezincane kakhulu eziyingozi, izinga eliphezulu lokumuncwa.
3, isakhiwo sekristalu le-graphite lomkhiqizo sihle, sithuthukisa ikhono lokuqala lokwakheka kwe-nucleation yensimbi ewuketshezi. Khulisa inani lamaqhubu ensimbi anezimbotshana ekufakweni, futhi wandise i-nucleus ye-graphite esithandweni sikagesi sensimbi ewuketshezi. Hlanza futhi ulinganise ukusatshalaliswa kwe-inki yakudala ekufakweni.
4. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza.
Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti efanele yokugaya i-carburizing kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ukuncibilikisa, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yensimbi yokuncibilikisa kanye nokuncibilikisa, ukuze isitshalo sokuncibilikisa, ukuncibilikisa
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2022