[I-Needle Coke] Izici zokuhlaziywa kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-needle coke eShayina
I. Amandla emakethe ye-needle coke yaseShayina
Ngo-2016, amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke emhlabeni wonke ayengamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.07 ngonyaka, kanti amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke eShayina ayengamathani angu-350,000 ngonyaka, okwenza u-32.71% wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2021, amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke emhlabeni wonke akhuphuke afinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.36 ngonyaka, phakathi kwawo amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke eShayina ayengamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.29 ngonyaka, okwenza u-68.15% wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-needle coke eShayina akhuphuke afinyelela ku-22. Amandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi asekhaya e-needle coke akhuphuke ngo-554.29% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2016, kuyilapho amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke yangaphandle ayezinzile. Ngo-2022, amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke eShayina akhuphuke afinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.72, ukwanda okuphindwe cishe izikhathi ezingu-7.7, kanti inani labakhiqizi be-needle coke baseShayina likhuphuke laya ku-27, okubonisa intuthuko enkulu embonini, futhi uma sibheka umhlaba wonke, isilinganiso se-needle coke yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe siye sanda unyaka nonyaka.
1. Amandla okukhiqiza uwoyela we-needle coke
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-needle coke yochungechunge lwamafutha waqala ukukhula ngokushesha kusukela ngo-2019. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019, imakethe yaseShayina ye-needle coke yochungechunge lwamafutha yayibuswa yizilinganiso zamalahle, kuyilapho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-needle coke yochungechunge lwamafutha kwakuhamba kancane. Iningi lamabhizinisi akhona asunguliwe aqala ukukhiqiza ngemva kuka-2018, kanti umthamo wokukhiqiza we-needle coke yochungechunge lwamafutha eShayina wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.59 ngo-2022. Umkhiqizo waqhubeka nokukhula unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2019, imakethe ye-graphite electrode engezansi yehla kakhulu, kanti isidingo se-needle coke sasibuthakathaka. Ngo-2022, ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nama-Olimpiki asebusika neminye imicimbi yomphakathi, isidingo siye saphola, kuyilapho izindleko ziphezulu, amabhizinisi awashukumiseki kangako ukukhiqiza, futhi ukukhula komkhiqizo kuhamba kancane.
2. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-coke yenaliti yokulinganisa amalahle
Amandla okukhiqiza i-needle coke yokulinganisa amalahle nawo ayaqhubeka nokukhula unyaka nonyaka, kusukela kumathani angu-350,000 ngo-2017 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngo-2022. Kusukela ngo-2020, isabelo semakethe se-coal measure siyancipha, kanti i-oil series needle coke iba yinto eyinhloko ye-needle coke. Ngokuphathelene nomkhiqizo, igcine ukukhula kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019. Kusukela ngo-2020, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zaziphezulu futhi inzuzo yaguqulwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo se-graphite electrode sasingesihle.
Ⅱ. Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo se-needle Coke eShayina
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe kwezinto ze-lithium anode
Kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezingezinhle, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wezinto ezingezinhle zaseShayina wanda kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019. Ngo-2020, ethintwe ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwemakethe ye-terminal engezansi, ukuqala kwebhethri lamandla kuqala ukwanda, isidingo semakethe sikhula kakhulu, futhi ama-oda ezinkampani zezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode ayanda, futhi ukuqala kwebhizinisi kuyanda ngokushesha futhi kugcina umfutho ukhuphuka. Ngo-2021-2022, umkhiqizo waseShayina wezinto ze-lithium cathode ubonise ukukhula okukhulu, uzuze ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwesimo sebhizinisi sezimboni ezingezansi, intuthuko esheshayo yemakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa, amandla amancane kanye nezinye izimakethe nakho kubonise amazinga ahlukahlukene okukhula, futhi amabhizinisi amakhulu ezinto ze-cathode agcina ukukhiqizwa okugcwele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umkhiqizo wezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode kulindeleke ukuthi udlule amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.1 ngo-2022, futhi umkhiqizo usesimweni sokuntuleka, futhi amathuba okusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode abanzi.
I-Needle coke iyimboni ekhuphukayo yebhethri le-lithium nezinto ze-anode, okuhlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezinto zebhethri le-lithium nezinto ze-cathode. Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri le-lithium zifaka phakathi ibhethri lamandla, ibhethri labathengi kanye nebhethri lokugcina amandla. Ngo-2021, amabhethri kagesi azobalelwa ku-68%, amabhethri abathengi abe ngu-22%, kanye namabhethri okugcina amandla abe ngu-10% wesakhiwo somkhiqizo webhethri le-lithium ion laseShayina.
Ibhethri lamandla liyingxenye eyinhloko yezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo ethi “i-carbon peak, i-carbon neutral”, imboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla yaseShayina yaletha ithuba elisha lomlando. Ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni wonke kwafinyelela ku-6.5 million, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri lamandla kwafinyelela ku-317GWh, okwenyuke ngo-100.63% ngonyaka. Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina kwafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-3.52, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri lamandla kwafinyelela ku-226GWh, okwenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-182.50 ngonyaka. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri lamandla emhlabeni wonke kuzofinyelela ku-1,550GWh ngo-2025 kanye no-3,000GWh ngo-2030. Imakethe yaseShayina izogcina isikhundla sayo njengemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yebhethri lamandla emhlabeni enesabelo semakethe esizinzile esingaphezu kuka-50%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-21-2022