Ingozi Engaba Khona “Yempi Yemithombo Yekhabhoni” Phakathi Komthamo Wokukhiqiza We-Graphitized Petroleum Coke kanye Nezinto Zokusebenza Ze-Lithium-ion Battery Anode—Kodwa Lokhu Kungqubuzana Kungalinganiswa Ngokushintshashintsha Kobuchwepheshe, Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemithombo, kanye Nokulungiswa Kwendlela Yokusebenza Kwemakethe. Ukuhlaziywa okuqondile kungokulandelayo:
I. Ingqondo Eyinhloko “Yempi”: Ukuntuleka Kwezinsizakusebenza Nokukhula Kwesidingo Esiphuthumayo
Uhlangothi Lwezinsiza: Ukuqina Kwesakhiwo Ekuhlinzekweni Kwe-Petroleum Coke
- Ukwehla Kwekhono Lokucwenga: Ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo zomhlaba wonke "zekhabhoni ephindwe kabili", izindawo zokucwenga eYurophu nase-US zisheshisa ukuqeda amandla aphelelwe yisikhathi (isb., ukwehla okungu-8% ngonyaka kwamandla okucwenga eYurophu ngo-2024 kanye nesilinganiso sokuvalwa okungu-12% kwezindawo zokucwenga uwoyela we-shale zase-US), okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwe-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi (izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko zama-anode ebhethri le-lithium-ion).
- Ukwanda Kwezithiyo Zokuhweba: Imikhawulo eqinile yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-graphite e-US eya eShayina iphoqe abakhiqizi be-anode baseShayina ukuba bashintshele ku-coke kaphethiloli yasekhaya, okwandisa kakhulu ingcindezi yokufunwa kwekhaya.
- Ukuqagela Kwempahla Etholakala Kuyo: Abahwebi baqoqe izimpahla ezidingekayo ukuze zifinyelele amazinga aqophayo, njengoba impahla yasekhaya yehla isuka kumathani ayizigidi ezimbili ngo-2023 yaya kumathani angu-800,000, okwenza kube “ukushoda okungamanga.”
Uhlangothi Lokufuna: Ukukhula Okusheshayo Kwezinto Ze-Lithium-ion Battery Anode
- Ukwanda Kwemakethe: Isidingo somhlaba wonke sezinto ze-anode zebhethri le-lithium-ion sifinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.2 ngo-2024, sidinga amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 ze-petroleum coke, kodwa ukutholakala kwangempela kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.6 kuphela, okushiya igebe elingu-13%.
- Ukuncintisana Kwendlela Yobuchwepheshe: I-graphite yokwenziwa (ehlanganisa cishe ama-80% emakethe) isalokhu inamandla kodwa incike kakhulu ku-petroleum coke (amathani angu-1.2–1.5 e-coke adingekayo ngethani le-graphite yokwenziwa). Ngenkathi ama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon (anamandla okuqondakala ngokuphindwe kayishumi kune-graphite) ethola ukuthandwa, ukuthengiswa kusasele iminyaka engu-3–5, okushiya okuncane okungasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-petroleum coke yesikhathi esifushane.
II. Ukubonakaliswa Kwangempela: Izindleko Ezikhuphukayo kanye Nokuhlelwa Kabusha Kweketanga Lezimboni
Ukudluliselwa Kwengcindezi Yezindleko
- Ukwanda Kwentengo Yezinto Ezingavuthiwe: Ngo-2025, amanani entengo angaphambilini efektri e-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi asondela ku-RMB 6,000/ton, ukwanda okungu-150% kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2023. Lokhu kwaqhuba izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza ithani eli-1 le-graphite yokwenziwa kusuka ku-RMB 5,000 kuya ku-RMB 9,000, okuphakamisa imingcele eyinhloko ngaphansi kuka-10%.
- Ukudlula Kwentengo Okuhlulekile: Abakhiqizi bebhethri le-lithium abaphansi bafuna ukwehliswa kwentengo okungu-15% kwama-anode, kuyilapho abakhiqizi be-anode bebhekene nemijikelezo ende ye-akhawunti yokwamukela (enwetshiwe kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kuya kwezingu-180), okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga zokuhamba kwemali.
Amasu Okuphendula Nge-Industrial Chain
- Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqondile: Izinkampani ezihamba phambili zithole izimpahla ze-coke ene-sulfur ephansi ngokuthola izibambiso ezindaweni zokuhluza nokuhlola i-needle coke esekelwe kumalahle (ukwehliswa kwezindleko okungu-20% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-coke ye-petroleum).
- Ukufakwa Kobuchwepheshe Okusheshisiwe:
- Ama-Anode Asekelwe ku-Silicon: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Tesla ngobuningi kwama-anode e-silicon-carbon ngamabhethri ayo angu-4680 kwandise ubuningi bamandla ngo-20%. Uma amanani e-petroleum coke ehlala ephakeme, ukushintshana kungashesha.
- Ukuthuthuka Kwekhabhoni Eqinile: I-GAC Aion yathuthukisa ikhabhoni eqinile etholakala ku-biomass (esekelwe egobolondweni likakhukhunathi) yamabhethri e-sodium-ion, kanti izinto zokusetshenziswa zibiza ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-petroleum coke.
- Ukwanda Kwamanye Amazwe: Izinkampani ezifana ne-BTR New Material Group kanye ne-Shanshan Co., Ltd. zasungula amaphrojekthi e-anode ahlanganisiwe e-Indonesia naseMorocco ukuze zigweme ukulinganiselwa kwezinsizakusebenza zasekhaya.
III. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukulingana Okuguquguqukayo kanye Nokubambisana Kwesikhathi Eside
Usizo Lwesikhathi Esifushane Lwesidingo Sokunikezwa Kwempahla
- Ukuqaliswa Kwamandla Amasha: Ukwengezwa kwamandla okucubungula emhlabeni wonke eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNdiya (kuhlelelwe ukuphela kuka-2025) kuzonciphisa igebe lokuhlinzekwa kwe-coke ene-sulfur ephansi libe ngu-5%, okungenzeka kunciphise amanani.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Sesidingo: Isabelo semakethe se-graphite yemvelo sikhuphuke sisuka ku-15% saya ku-25% (ngenxa yezinzuzo zezindleko), kuyilapho isabelo esihlanganisiwe se-anode esekelwe ku-silicon/carbon eqinile sikhuphuke sisuka ku-5% saya ku-15%, kunciphisa ukuthembela ku-petroleum coke.
Ukusebenzisana Okuqhutshwa Ubuchwepheshe Besikhathi Eside
- Ukuthengiswa kwe-Anode Esekelwe ku-Silicon: Uma ama-anode e-silicon-carbon e-CVD efinyelela ukukhuliswa, amandla awo enkolelo (4,200 mAh/g) anganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezindleko ze-petroleum coke, yize izinselele ezifana nokusebenza kahle kokushaja kokuqala okuphansi kanye nobunzima benqubo zisekhona.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuluhlaza Nokunekhabhoni Ephansi: I-Graphitization, inqubo edla amandla amaningi, ibhekene nezilinganiso eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukwamukela ugesi oluhlaza (ilanga/umoya) noma ukuhweba ngesikweletu sekhabhoni kuzoba yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izilinganiso zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukisa inani lemvelo lomkhiqizo.
IV. Isiphetho: “Impi” Njengesisusa Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezinkambo Zezimboni
"Impi yemithombo yekhabhoni" phakathi kwezinto ze-petroleum coke kanye nezinto ze-lithium-ion battery anode ibonakala iyinkinga yokushoda kwemithombo kodwa, empeleni, iyindawo yokushintsha kochungechunge lwezimboni kusukela ekwandeni okukhulu kuya ekusebenzeni okunciphile. Izinkampani zaseShayina ziyaphumelela ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile (izitebhisi zokuhlanza, izindawo zaphesheya kwezilwandle), ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe (ama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon, i-hard carbon), kanye nokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke. Lesi "siphepho segolide elimnyama" singase siveze izinto ezinkulu zebhethri le-lithium emhlabeni jikelele, izimpendulo zifihliwe ekuthuthukisweni okulandelayo kobuchwepheshe (isib. ama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon akhiqizwa ngobuningi) noma ukuthengwa kwemithombo (isib., ukuthengwa kwezindawo zokuhlanza zaphesheya kwezilwandle).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-06-2026