Kungani ama-electrode e-graphite ekwazi ukumelana nezindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu?

Kungani ama-electrode e-graphite ekwazi ukumelana nezindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu?

Ama-electrode e-graphite adlala indima ebalulekile embonini yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njengokwenza insimbi ye-arc yomlilo kagesi, i-aluminium electrolysis, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-electrochemical. Isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-electrode e-graphite akwazi ukumelana nezimo ezishisa kakhulu zokushisa kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izici zawo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba namakhemikhali. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwama-electrode e-graphite ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kusukela ezicini ezifana nesakhiwo, izakhiwo ezishisayo, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, namandla omshini wegraphite.

1. Izici zesakhiwo se-graphite

I-graphite iyisakhiwo esinezingqimba esakhiwe ama-athomu e-carbon. Esakhiweni sekristalu segraphite, ama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlelwa ngongqimba oluyi-hexagonal planar. Ama-athomu ekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo ngasinye axhunywe ngamabhondi aqinile ahlangene, kuyilapho izingqimba zisebenzelana ngokusebenzisa amandla abuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa ne-van der Waals. Lesi sakhiwo esinezingqimba sinika i-graphite izici eziyingqayizivele zomzimba namakhemikhali.

Amabhondi aqinile aqinile phakathi kwezendlalelo: Izibopho eziqinile phakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo ziqine ngokwedlulele, okwenza i-graphite igcine ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngisho nakumazinga okushisa aphezulu.

I-Weak van der Waals iphoqa phakathi kwezendlalelo: Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingqimba kubuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa, okwenza igraphite ithambekele ekusheleleni kwe-interlayer lapho ingaphansi kwamandla angaphandle. Lesi sici sinikeza i-graphite nge-lubricity enhle kakhulu nokucutshungulwa.

2. Izakhiwo ezishisayo

Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwama-electrode e-graphite ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ikakhulukazi kubangelwa izici zabo ezivelele zokushisa.

Iphuzu elincibilikayo eliphezulu: I-graphite inendawo encibilikayo ephezulu kakhulu, cishe engu-3,652 °C, ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yezinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys. Lokhu kwenza i-graphite ihlale iqinile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuncibilika noma ukonakala.

I-high conductivity eshisayo: I-graphite ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, engakwazi ukuqhuba ngokushesha futhi ihlakaze ukushisa, ivimbele ukushisa kwendawo. Lesi sici senza i-electrode ye-graphite ikwazi ukusabalalisa ukushisa ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo nokwelula impilo yesevisi.

I-coefficient ephansi yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal: I-graphite ine-coefficient ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa yokwanda okushisayo, okusho ukuthi ivolumu yayo ishintsha kancane kumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lesi sici senza ama-electrode e-graphite agcine ukuzinza kwe-dimensional ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi nokuguqulwa okubangelwa ukwanda kokushisa.

3. Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali

Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali ama-electrode e-graphite ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa nakho kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile kubo ukuze bamelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Ukumelana ne-oxidation: Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinga lokuphendula le-graphite ne-oksijini lihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi kumagesi angenayo noma ukunciphisa umoya, lapho izinga le-oxidation legraphite liphansi nakakhulu. Lokhu kumelana ne-oxidation kwenza ama-electrode e-graphite asetshenziswe isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle kokufakwa nge-oxidized futhi aguge.

Ukumelana nokugqwala: I-Graphite inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kuma-acids amaningi, ama-alkali nosawoti, okwenza ama-electrode e-graphite ahlale ezinzile endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye negqwala. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenqubo ye-electrolytic ye-aluminium, ama-electrode e-graphite angakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-aluminium encibilikisiwe nosawoti we-fluoride.

4. Amandla omshini

Nakuba ukusebenzisana kwe-interlaminar kwe-graphite kubuthakathaka ngokuqhathaniswa, izibopho eziqinile ze-covalent ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo se-intramellar zinikeza i-graphite amandla aphezulu okusebenza.

Amandla acindezelayo aphezulu: Ama-electrode e-graphite angagcina amandla okucindezela aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nasezingeni eliphezulu, akwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu kanye nemithwalo enomthelela ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc.

Ukumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal: I-coefficient ephansi yokwanda okushisayo kanye ne-high-thermal conductivity ye-graphite iyinikeza ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, okuyenza ikwazi ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngesikhathi sokushisa okusheshayo nokupholisa izinqubo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka nokulimala okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okushisayo.

5. Izakhiwo zikagesi

Ukusebenza kukagesi kwama-electrode e-graphite ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu nakho kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kwawo okubanzi.

I-high conductivity kagesi: I-Graphite ine-conductivity kagesi enhle kakhulu, engakwazi ukuqhuba ngokuphumelelayo futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla. Lesi sici senza ama-electrode e-graphite adlulise amandla kagesi ngokuphumelelayo ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc kanye nezinqubo ze-electrolysis.

Ukumelana okuphansi: Ukumelana okuphansi kwe-graphite kuyenza ikwazi ukugcina ukumelana okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga okushisa aphezulu, inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokulahlekelwa amandla, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

6. Ukucubungula ukusebenza

Ukusebenza kokucubungula kwama-electrode e-graphite nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu.

Ukucutshungulwa kalula: I-Graphite inokucutshungulwa okuhle kakhulu futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe ama-electrode anobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nosayizi ngokucubungula ngomshini, ukuphenduka, ukugaya namanye amasu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukene.

Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu: Ama-electrode e-graphite ahlanzekile anokuqina nokusebenza okungcono ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinganciphisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokukhubazeka kwesakhiwo okubangelwa ukungcola.

7. Izibonelo Zokusebenza

Ama-electrode e-graphite asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eliphezulu. Okulandelayo ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokusebenza:

I-electric arc furnace steelmaking: Enqubweni yokwenza insimbi yesithando somlilo we-arc, ama-electrode e-graphite, njengezinto ezihambisayo, angamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-3000°C, aguqule amandla kagesi abe amandla ashisayo ukuze ancibilikise insimbi eyizinsimbi nensimbi yengulube.

I-Aluminiyamu ye-Electrolytic: Phakathi nenqubo ye-electrolytic aluminium, i-electrode yegraphite isebenza njenge-anode, ekwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala kwe-aluminium encibilikisiwe nosawoti we-fluoride, eqhuba ukusebenza kwamanje ngokuzinzile, futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium nge-electrolytic.

Ukwenza imishini ye-Electrochemical: Ekwenziweni kwemishini ye-electrochemical, ama-electrode egraphite, njengama-electrode amathuluzi, angasebenza ngokuzinza endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu negqwala, afeze ukucutshungulwa nokubunjwa okunembayo okuphezulu.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-electrode e-graphite akwazi ukumelana nezindawo zokushisa okuphezulu ikakhulukazi kusakhiwo sawo esiyingqayizivele esinezingqimba, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, amandla emishini, izakhiwo zikagesi nokusebenza kokucubungula. Lezi zici zenza ama-electrode e-graphite ahlale ezinzile futhi esebenza kahle ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezimoshekayo, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana ne-electric arc furnace steelmaking, i-electrolytic aluminium, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-electrochemical. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, ukusebenza kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwama-electrode e-graphite kuzophinde kwandiswe, kunikeze izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa nezisebenza kahle ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphezulu.