Iyiphi indima ebalulekile edlalwa yi-graphitized petroleum coke enqubweni emfushane kanye nokuncibilikiswa kwe-carbon ephansi kwezitofu zikagesi ze-arc?

Izindima Ezibalulekile Nokuhlaziywa kwe-Graphitized Petroleum Coke ku-Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Short Process kanye ne-Low-Carbon Steelmaking

I. Izinto Ezingavuthiwe Eziyinhloko Zama-Electrode E-Graphite, Ukusekela Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Kwenqubo Emfushane Ye-EAF

1. Izici Zezinto Ezingavuthiwe Nokuhambisana Nenqubo I-graphitized petroleum coke iwumkhiqizo othathwe ku-petroleum coke efakwa ku-graphitization emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-2,500°C, iguqula isakhiwo sayo sekristalu kusuka esimweni esingaguquki sibe yisimo se-graphite esihlelekile kakhulu. Ibonisa ukuhanjiswa kukagesi okuphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu (okumelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-3,000°C), kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ibe yinto eluhlaza efanelekile yokukhiqiza ama-electrode e-graphite, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zokuhambisa amandla e-EAF steelmaking.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kahle Ekwenzeni Insimbi Ngenqubo Emfushane Inqubo emfushane ye-EAF isebenzisa kakhulu insimbi elahliwe njengempahla yokudla, iyincibilikise ngqo futhi i-oxidize ukungcola ngama-arc kagesi akhiqizwa ama-electrode e-graphite. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ende yendabuko ye-blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) (edinga i-iron ore kanye namalahle okupheka), inqubo emfushane ye-EAF isusa isigaba sokwenza insimbi, inciphisa ubude benqubo ngaphezu kuka-60%, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla cishe ngo-60%, futhi yehlise ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ cishe ngo-80%. Ama-electrode e-graphite asekelwe ku-petroleum coke asebenza kahle kakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo:

• Ukuqhuba Kagesi Okuphezulu: Kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwe-arc, futhi kufinyeza imijikelezo yokuncibilikisa (isb., ama-EAF e-quantum anciphisa isikhathi sokuncibilikisa ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile).
• Ukumelana Nokushisa: Imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphakathi kwama-EAF, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode (isb., ama-eco-EAF anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode ngo-57.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-furnace avamile).
• Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali: Kuvimbela ukusabela phakathi kwama-electrode nensimbi encibilikisiwe noma i-slag, okuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bensimbi.

II. Ukuqhuba Ukwenza Insimbi Enekhabhoni Ephansi: Ukuguqulwa Okuluhlaza Kusukela Ezintweni Zokusetshenziswa Ezingavuthiwe Kuya Ezinqubweni

1. Ukushintsha Amafutha Ezinto Ezimbiwayo Ukuze Kuncishiswe Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Inqubo ende yendabuko incike kakhulu kumalahle njengophethiloli kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa, okuholela ekuqineni okukhulu kwekhabhoni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inqubo emfushane ye-EAF isebenzisa insimbi eqoshiwe kanye nogesi njengomthombo wayo wamandla, okufinyelela ekushintsheni "kwamalahle-kuya-kugesi" ngokusebenzisa ama-electrode e-graphite asuselwa ku-petroleum coke. Uma inikwe amandla amandla avuselelekayo (isb., ilanga noma umoya), ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okucishe kube yi-zero kungenzeka. Isibonelo, ama-eco-EAF asebenzisa amandla aluhlaza ukuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinekhabhoni ephansi, akhiqiza ama-billet ensimbi ngobuchwepheshe "obungahilelekile kukhabhoni" kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO₂ okucishe kube yi-zero.

2. Ukubuyiselwa Kokushisa Okungcolile kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kokusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamandla Ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kokushisa kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kusekela ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokubuyisa ukushisa okungcolile kuma-EAF. Amagesi omoya agcwele uthuli ashisa kakhulu (athwala u-11-20% wamandla okufaka) angabuyisa ukushisa ngama-electrode e-graphite noma ama-heat exchanger azinikele okushisa kusengaphambili noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokushisa kusengaphambili kwe-scrap buphakamisa amazinga okushisa kwe-scrap kusuka endaweni kuya ngaphezu kuka-600°C, bunciphisa imijikelezo yokuncibilikisa ngo-15-20% futhi bunciphise ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngethani lensimbi ngo-36.95-40.22%.

3. Ukukhuthaza Ukusetshenziswa Okujikelezayo Kwezinsizakusebenza Zensimbi Eyisicaba Inqubo emfushane ye-EAF, eqhutshwa yi-graphitized petroleum coke, ishintsha imboni yensimbi kusukela kumodeli "yezinsizakusebenza-imikhiqizo-imfucuza" eqondile iye ohlakeni "lwezinsizakusebenza-imikhiqizo-imithombo-ephinde yasetshenziswa kabusha". Ngo-2024, izinkampani ezihamba phambili zathola ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezinsimbi zezimoto ezincane kakhulu, ezinamandla kakhulu, ezigcwalisa izidingo zokukhanya ngenkathi zilinganisa izindleko nezinzuzo zemvelo "zensimbi eluhlaza."

III. Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe kanye Nemikhuba Yemakethe: Inani "Elimpunga" le-Graphitized Petroleum Coke Liyakhanya

1. Isidingo Esikhulayo Semikhiqizo Esebenza Kakhulu Njengoba amandla e-EAF anda (isb., izitofu ezingaphezu kwamathani angu-400) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa buthuthuka (isb., ama-quantum EAF, ama-eco-EAF), isidingo sama-electrode e-graphite asezingeni eliphezulu siyakhula. I-graphitized petroleum coke, njengezinto eziluhlaza ezibalulekile, ibhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu ngokuhlanzeka (okuqukethwe komlotha <0.5%), ukufakwa okuningi (imijikelezo engu-3-4), kanye ne-graphitization yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu (ukumelana <4 μΩ·m).

2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-Green Premium kanye Ne-Supply Chain Ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-"dual carbon" yaseShayina, abakhiqizi be-coke kaphethiloli abasebenzisa i-graphitized banciphisa i-carbon footprints ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla aluhlaza kanye nokuhweba nge-carbon, bathola "ama-premium aluhlaza" futhi bahehe amakhasimende asezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili nazo ziyanwebeka ziqonde phezulu ukuze zakhe izihibe zezimboni ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa "i-coke raw materials-graphitization-anode materials," ziqinisa izintambo zokuphakelwa kanye nokunciphisa izindleko.

3. Izinqubomgomo kanye Nokukhula Okuqhutshwa Yimakethe Izinqubomgomo ezifana Neziqondiso ZaseShayina Zokukhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephakeme Kwemboni Yensimbi zikhuthaza ngokusobala ukwamukelwa kwe-EAF, kanti izilinganiso zokwenza insimbi ze-EAF kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke kakhulu ngo-2025. Njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko ze-EAF, i-graphitized petroleum coke izobona ukukhula kwemakethe okuqhubekayo, iqhube imboni ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi komoya.