Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo zenkomba ye-graphitized petroleum coke emikhakheni ehlukene yokusetshenziswa (njenge-lithium battery anodes kanye nama-cathode e-aluminium)?

Izidingo Zenkomba Ehlukahlukene ze-Graphitized Petroleum Coke Ezinkambeni Ezimbili Ezibalulekile Zokusebenza: Ama-Anode Ebhethri le-Lithium-ion kanye nama-Aluminium Cathodes

Izidingo zenkomba ze-graphitized petroleum coke zibonisa umehluko omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo somzimba, kanye nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical kuwo wonke ama-anode ebhethri le-lithium-ion kanye nama-cathode e-aluminium. Izinto ezibalulekile zifingqiwe kanje:

I. Ama-Anode ebhethri le-Lithium-ion: Ukusebenza kwe-Electrochemical njenge-Core, kanye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo okucatshangelwayo

1. Okuqukethwe kwe-Sulfur Okuphansi (<0.5%)
   Izinsalela ze-sulfur zingabangela ukufinyela kwekristalu nokwanda ngesikhathi se-graphitization, okubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-electrode. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sulfur ingakhipha amagesi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, yonakalise ifilimu ye-solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) futhi iholele ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okungenakuguqulwa. Isibonelo, i-GB/T 24533-2019 iyalela ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kwe-graphite esetshenziswa kuma-anode ebhethri le-lithium-ion.
2. Okuqukethwe Okuphansi Komlotha (≤0.15%)
   Ukungcola kwensimbi emlotheni (isb., i-sodium, i-iron) kushukumisa ukubola kwe-electrolyte, kusheshise ukuwohloka kwebhethri. Ukungcola kwe-sodium nakho kungabangela ukubola kwe-anode honeycomb, kunciphise impilo yomjikelezo. I-graphite ehlanzekile kakhulu idinga inqubo "ephezulu kathathu" (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile kakhulu) ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe komlotha ngaphansi kuka-0.15%.
3. Ukwakheka Okuphezulu Kokukristala Nokuqondiswa
   • Ubuningi Beqiniso Obuphezulu: Bubonisa ukwakheka kwe-graphite; ubuningi beqiniso obuphezulu buqinisekisa iziteshi ezihleliwe zokufakwa/ukukhishwa kwe-lithium-ion, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesilinganiso.
   • I-Coefficient Yokukhulisa Ukushisa Okuphansi: I-Needle coke, enesakhiwo sayo se-fibrous, ibonisa i-coefficient yokukhulisa ukushisa ephansi ngo-30% kune-sponge coke, okunciphisa ukwanda kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushaja/ukukhipha (isb., i-anisotropic graphite iyanda eceleni kwe-C-axis, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwebhethri).
4. Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Ezilinganiselayo kanye Nendawo Ethile Yobuso
   • Ukusatshalaliswa Kosayizi Wezinhlayiyana Ezibanzi: Amapharamitha e-D10, D50, kanye ne-D90 alungiselelwe kahle avumela izinhlayiyana ezincane ukugcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezinkulu, okuthuthukisa ubuningi bempompi (ubuningi bempompi obuphezulu buyandisa umthwalo wezinto ezisebenzayo ngevolumu ngayinye, yize amazinga aphezulu ehlisa ukumanzika kwe-electrolyte).
   • Indawo Eqondile Ephakathi: Indawo ephezulu ethile (>10 m²/g) ifinyeza izindlela zokufuduka ze-lithium-ion, ikhulisa ukusebenza kwesilinganiso, kodwa yandisa indawo yefilimu ye-SEI, yehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqala kwe-coulombic (ICE).
5. Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kokuqala Kwe-Coulombic (≥92.6%)
   Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwe-SEI ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokushaja/wokukhipha ugesi kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu. Izindinganiso zidinga umthamo wokuqala wokukhipha ugesi ongu-≥350.0 mAh/g kanye ne-ICE engu-≥92.6%.

II. Ama-Cathode e-Aluminium: Ukuqhuba kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa njengezinto ezibalulekile

1. Ukulawulwa Kokuqukethwe Kwesibabule Esilinganisiwe
   • I-Coke ene-sulfur ephansi (S < 0.8%): Isetshenziswa kuma-electrode e-graphite esezingeni eliphezulu ukuvimbela ukuminyana kwegesi okubangelwa yi-sulfur kanye nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokwenza insimbi, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ngethani ngalinye (isb., ibhizinisi elilodwa linciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-anode ngo-12% kusetshenziswa i-coke ene-sulfur ephansi).
   • I-Coke ye-sulfur ephakathi nendawo (S 2%–4%): Ifanelekela ama-anode e-aluminium electrolysis, izindleko zokulinganisela kanye nokusebenza.
2. Ukubekezelela Umlotha Okuphezulu (ngokulawulwa kokungcola okuqondile)
   Okuqukethwe kwe-vanadium emlotheni kumele kube ngu-≤0.03% ukuze kugwenywe ukwehla ngezikhathi ezithile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-aluminium electrolysis current. Ukungcola kwe-sodium kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuminyana kwe-anode honeycomb.
3. Ukuqina Okuphezulu Kokukristala Nokumelana Nokushisa Okushisayo
   I-Needle coke ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esine-fibrous, esinikeza ukuminyana okuphezulu, amandla, ukuncishiswa okuphansi, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushaqeka kokushisa, okwenza ikwazi ukumelana nokushintshashintsha kokushisa okuvamile ngesikhathi se-aluminium electrolysis. I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa okuphansi inciphisa umonakalo wesakhiwo, yandise isikhathi sokuphila se-cathode.
4. Usayizi Wezinhlayiya kanye Nokuqina Kwemishini
   • Izinhlayiya Ezincanyana Ezikhethwayo: Kunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-powder coke ukuvimbela ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-calcium, okuqinisekisa ukuqina komshini.
   • Ingxenye Ephakeme Ye-Calcined Coke: I-70% ye-calcined coke isetshenziswa kuma-anode e-aluminium electrolysis ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
5. Ukuqhuba Okuphezulu Kukagesi
   Ama-electrode e-needle coke angathwala ama-current angu-100,000 A, afinyelele ukusebenza kahle kokwenza insimbi imizuzu engama-25 ngesithando ngasinye kanye nokuqhuba amandla okuphehla amandla okuphindwe kathathu kune-coke evamile, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

III. Isifinyezo Somehluko Oyinhloko

IV. Izitayela Zemboni

• Ama-Anode ebhethri le-Lithium-ion: I-coke entsha eyakhiwe nge-nuclear (ukuthungwa kwe-radial) kanye ne-coke e-calcined eguqulwe nge-pitch (ethuthukisa impilo yomjikelezo we-anode ye-carbon eqinile) yizindawo ezisanda kuvela zocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nokusebenza komjikelezo.
• Ama-Cathode e-Aluminium: Isidingo esikhulayo sama-electrode amakhulu e-needle coke angu-750 mm kanye ne-medium-sulfur coke yokugaya i-silicon carbide kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziya ekuqhubekiseni phambili ugesi kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.