Umgomo wokusebenza wama-electrode we-graphite wamandla aphezulu aphezulu.

Umgomo wokusebenza wama-electrode we-graphite wamandla aphezulu aphezulu (UHP) usekelwe ngokuyinhloko ku-arc discharge phenomenon. Ngokusebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwawo okukhethekile kagesi, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, lawa ma-electrode anika amandla ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kwamandla kagesi abe amandla ashisayo ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela aqhube inqubo ye-metallurgical. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezindlela zabo zokusebenza eziyinhloko:

1. Ukukhishwa kwe-Arc kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi ukuya ku-Thermal

1.1 I-Arc Formation Mechanism
Uma ama-electrode e-UHP e-graphite ehlanganiswa emishinini yokuncibilikisa (isb., ama-arc arc kagesi), asebenza njengemithombo yezokuxhumana. Ukukhipha i-high-voltage kukhiqiza i-arc kagesi phakathi kwethiphu ye-electrode kanye neshajethi yesithando somlilo (isb., izinsimbi ezilahliwe, insimbi yensimbi). Le arc iqukethe i-conductive plasma channel eyakhiwe yi-ionization yegesi, amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-3000 ° C-adlula kude amazinga okushisa avamile.

1.2 Ukudlulisa Amandla Okuphumelelayo
Ukushisa okunamandla okukhiqizwa i-arc kuncibilikisa ishaja yesithando somlilo. I-electrodes' conductivity ephakeme kagesi (enokumelana okuphansi njengokungu-6–8 μΩ·m) iqinisekisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuncane ngesikhathi sokudlulisela, kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ekwenzeni insimbi ye-arc kagesi (EAF), isibonelo, ama-electrode e-UHP anganciphisa imijikelezo yokuncibilikisa ngaphezu kuka-30%, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza.

2. Impahla Ebalulekile kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kokusebenza

2.1 Ukuzinza Kwesakhiwo Sezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu
Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwama-electrode kuvela esakhiweni sawo sekristalu: ama-athomu ekhabhoni anezingqimba akha inethiwekhi yebhondi ehlangene nge-sp² hybridization, ene-interlayer ebophezela ngamandla e-van der Waals. Lesi sakhiwo sigcina amandla emishini ku-3000°C futhi sinikeza ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo (ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okufika ku-500°C/min), ama-electrode ensimbi asebenza kahle kakhulu.

2.2 Ukumelana Nokunwetshwa Kwezifudumezi kanye Nokukhasa
Ama-electrode e-UHP abonisa i-coefficient ephansi yokunwetshwa kokushisa (1.2×10⁻⁶/°C), ehlisa izinguquko zobukhulu kumazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi avimbele ukwakheka kokuqhekeka ngenxa yengcindezi yokushisa. Ukumelana kwabo nokukhasa (ikhono lokumelana nokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu) kwenziwa kahle ngokukhethwa kwenaliti ye-coke eluhlaza kanye nezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe ze-graphitization, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional ngesikhathi sokusebenza komthwalo omkhulu isikhathi eside.

2.3 Ukumelana Ne-oxidation kanye Nokugqwala
Ngokuhlanganisa ama-antioxidant (isb., ama-borides, ama-silicides) kanye nokusebenzisa okokunamathela phezulu, izinga lokushisa lokuqalisa i-oxidation lama-electrodes liphakama ngaphezu kuka-800°C. Ukungabi namandla kwamakhemikhali ngokumelene ne-slag encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-electrode, kunwebe impilo yesevisi ibe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunama-electrode avamile.

3. Ukuhambisana Kwenqubo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesistimu

3.1 Ukuminyana Kwamanje namandla Amandla
Ama-electrode e-UHP asekela ukuminyana kwamanje okungaphezu kuka-50 A/cm². Uma ibhangqwe neziguquli ezinamandla (isb, i-100 MVA), zivumela okokufaka kwamandla esithando somlilo esisodwa esidlula i-100 MW. Lo mklamo usheshisa amazinga okufakwayo okushisayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa—isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani ngalinye le-silicon ekukhiqizeni i-ferrosilicon kube ngaphansi kuka-8000 kWh.

3.2 Ukusabela Okunamandla kanye Nokulawulwa Kwenqubo
Izinhlelo zesimanje zokuncibilikisa zisebenzisa i-Smart Electrode Regulators (ama-SER) ukuze zihlale ziqapha ukuma kwe-electrode, ukushintshashintsha kwamanje, nobude be-arc, nokugcina amazinga okusetshenziswa kwama-electrode ngaphakathi kwensimbi engu-1.5–2.0 kg/t. Ngokuhambisana nokuqapha isimo somlilo (isb., ukulinganiswa kwe-CO/CO₂), lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa i-electrode-charge.

3.3 I-System Synergy kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kwamandla
Ukukhipha ama-electrode e-UHP kudinga ingqalasizinda esekelayo, okuhlanganisa amasistimu okuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu (isb., ukuxhumeka okuqondile okungu-110 kV), izintambo ezipholiswe ngamanzi, namayunithi asebenzayo wokuqoqa uthuli. Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola ukushisa kwemfucuza (isb., ukuhlanganiswa kwegesi ye-arc kagesi) bukhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuze kube ngaphezu kuka-60%, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi.

Lokhu kuhumusha kugcina ukunemba kobuchwepheshe kuyilapho kubambelela ezimisweni zamagama ezemfundo/zemboni, kuqinisekisa ukucaciseleka kwezethameli ezikhethekile.