I-Cnooc (Qingdao) I-Heavy Oil Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre Co., LTD
Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Zokusebenza, Ikhishwe ngomhla ka-32, 2021
Abstract: Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe baseShayina kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha eyahlukene yomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphinde kwawandisa ngempumelelo amandla ethu omnotho namandla ezwe lonke. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubo ye-steelmaking yesifunda, i-coke yenaliti isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-electrode e-graphite. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium, kanye nasembonini yamandla enuzi kanye nezinkundla zezindiza. Ngokukhuthazwa kwesizinda sesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenza insimbi yesithando sikagesi kuye kwakhuthazwa, futhi amazinga ahambisanayo kanye nezidingo ze-need coke ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ziye zabuyekezwa njalo, ukuze ukuthobelana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa komphakathi. Ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza, inaliti ye-coke ihlukaniswe ngochungechunge lwe-petroleum nochungechunge lwamalahle. Ngokwemiphumela ethile yesicelo, kungabonakala ukuthi uchungechunge lwenaliti ye-petroleum inomsebenzi wamakhemikhali onamandla kunochungechunge lwamalahle. Kuleli phepha, sifunda isimo samanje semakethe yokugxilwa kwezinaliti ze-petroleum kanye nezinkinga ohlelweni lokucwaninga nokukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obufanele, futhi sihlaziye ubunzima ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqiza kanye nobunzima obuhlobene bezobuchwepheshe bokugxila kwenaliti ye-petroleum.
I. Isingeniso
I-needle coke idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-graphite electrode. Kusukela esimweni samanje sentuthuko, amazwe angaphandle athuthukile njenge-United States ne-Japan aqale ekuqaleni ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwenaliti ye-coke, kanti ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele sekuthanda ukuvuthwa, futhi sebekwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyisisekelo. inaliti ye-petroleum coke. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ucwaningo oluzimele nokukhiqizwa kwenaliti ekugxilweni kukawoyela kuqala sekwephuzile. Kepha ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho wethu wemakethe, ukukhuthaza ukunwetshwa okuphelele kwemikhakha eyahlukene yezimboni, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwenaliti ekugxilweni kukawoyela kwenze intuthuko eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, asekhona amagebe ekhwalithi kanye nomphumela wokusetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukucacisa isimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe kanye nobunzima bezobuchwepheshe ohlelweni lwe-petroleum.
Ii. Isingeniso kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kwe-petroleum needle coke technology
(1) Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo samanje sokuthuthuka kwe-petroleum inaliti coke ekhaya naphesheya
Ubuchwepheshe benaliti ye-petroleum ye-coke bavela e-United States ngawo-1950. Kodwa izwe lethu livuliwe ngokusemthethweni
Ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum needling coke lwaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, izikhungo zocwaningo zaseShayina zaqala ukwenza izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene ze-petroleum needling coke futhi zihlale zihlola futhi zicwaninga ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola. Ukwengeza, ngeminyaka yawo-1990, izwe lethu seliqede ucwaningo oluningi lokulungiselela uhlelo lwe-petroleum olugxile enalitini, futhi lafaka isicelo sobuchwepheshe obufanele belungelo lobunikazi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokwesekwa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifanele, i-Academy eminingi yasekhaya Yesayensi kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene nawo atshale imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni futhi akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza ngaphakathi embonini. Izinga locwaningo nentuthuko lobuchwepheshe be-petroleum needle-coke nalo liyathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sasekhaya se-petroleum needle-coke. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwasekhaya kanye nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqiza akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe, ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yasekhaya ihlala imikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe. Uma kubhekwa isimo samanje sentuthuko, nakuba ukugxila kwamanje kanye nokunakwa kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum inaliti yobuchwepheshe kuyanda, ngokwezinga locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kunobunzima obenza ucwaningo olufanele lwezobuchwepheshe. kanye nezithiyo zentuthuko, okuholela egebeni elikhulu phakathi kwezwe lethu namazwe athuthukile.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi wasekhaya we-petroleum needle coke
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya nowangaphandle kanye nomphumela wohlelo lokusebenza, kungabonakala ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo kwikhwalithi ye-petroleum inaliti ye-coke ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yomehluko wezinkomba ezimbili ze-coefficient yokwandisa okushisayo kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana, okuyinto ibonisa umehluko wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo [1]. Leli gebe lekhwalithi libangelwa ikakhulukazi ubunzima bokukhiqiza ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Kuhlanganiswe nenqubo ethile yokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokuqukethwe kwe-petroleum inaliti coke, ubuchwepheshe bayo bokukhiqiza obuyinhloko bungokwezinga lokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Njengamanje, yi-Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) kanye ne-Jinzhou Petrochemical kuphela asebefeze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ngokuphambene, uhlelo lokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza lwe-Jinzhou Petrochemical Company lwe-petroleum inaliti coke luvuthiwe, umthamo wokucubungula wedivayisi uthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi imikhiqizo ehlobene ekhiqizwayo ingafinyelela ezingeni eliphakathi neliphezulu emakethe, elingasetshenziselwa izinga eliphezulu. -amandla noma ama-electrode ensimbi ane-ultra-high-power.
Iii. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yasekhaya yenaliti ye-petroleum coke
(1) Ngokusheshisa kwezezimboni, isidingo se-coke yenaliti sikhula nsuku zonke
Izwe lethu liyizwe elikhulu elikhiqiza izimboni emhlabeni, elinqunywa kakhulu yindlela yokwakheka kwezimboni zethu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi nensimbi nakho kungenye yezimboni ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa umnotho wethu. Ngaphansi kwalesi sizinda, isidingo sokudinga sikhula nsuku zonke. Kodwa okwamanje, ucwaningo lwethu lobuchwepheshe nezinga lentuthuko namandla okukhiqiza awahambisani nesidingo semakethe. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi kukhona amabhizinisi ambalwa agxile ezinalitini ze-petroleum angakhiqiza amazinga ekhwalithi, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza awuzinzile. Nakuba umsebenzi wokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele uthuthuka njengamanje, kodwa ufuna ukuhlangabezana namandla aphezulu noma i-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu futhi kukhona igebe elikhulu, okuholela ezithiyo ekulawuleni izinga lemikhiqizo egxile enaliti ye-petroleum. Njengamanje, imakethe ye-coke yokukala inaliti ihlukaniswe nge-petroleum inaliti-isilinganiso se-coke kanye ne-coke yokukala inaliti yamalahle. Ngokuphambene, i-petroleum needle-measure coke ingaphansi kancane kune-coke ye-coal-measure-measure coke noma ngenani lokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi noma izinga lokuthuthuka, okuphinde kube esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukwanda okusebenzayo kwe-Chinese petroleum needle-measure coke. Kodwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imboni yensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kanye nesidingo sokukhiqiza se-ultra-high power graphite electrode siyanda. Lokhu kuphinde kugqamise ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zethu kanye nokusheshisa inqubo yokusungulwa kwezimboni, isidingo se-naliti coke sizoba sikhulu nakakhulu.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kwentengo entantayo yemakethe yenaliti ye-coke
Ngokwezinga lamanje lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nokuqukethwe kwezimboni zezwe lethu, kutholakala ukuthi uchungechunge lwe-petroleum lokulinganisa inaliti lufaneleka kakhulu ezweni lakithi kunochungechunge lwamalahle okulinganisa inaliti, okuzokwenza siphinde sibhebhethekise isimo sasekhaya sokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo se-coking enenaliti, ukuze kuxazululwe isimo sokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa kohlelo lwe-petroleum, singathembela kuphela ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezici zokuguquguquka kwentengo yemikhiqizo engenisiwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, kungabonakala ukuthi intengo yemikhiqizo ye-coke yenaliti ye-petroleum ibilokhu ikhuphuka kusukela ngo-2014. Ngakho-ke, embonini yasekhaya, ngegebe elikhulayo lokuhlinzekwa kanye nokukhuphuka kokungenisa kwamanye amazwe. Inani, inaliti ye-petroleum coke izoba yindawo entsha yokutshala imali embonini ye-coke yenaliti yaseChina [2].
Okwesine, inaliti yethu kawoyela igxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuhlaziyeni ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
(1) Ukuhlaziywa kobunzima bokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Ngokuhlaziya yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-petroleum inaliti-coke, kungabonakala ukuthi, ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto ezingavuthiwe, i-petroleum iyimpahla eyinhloko esetshenziswayo, ngenxa yobuningi bemithombo ye-petroleum, uwoyela ongahluziwe udinga ukwakhiwa. ambiwa ngaphansi komhlaba, kanye nowoyela ongahluziwe we-petroleum ezweni lakithi uzosebenzisa ama-catalysts ahlukahlukene ohlelweni lwezimayini nokucubungula, ukuze kube khona inani elithile lokungcola emikhiqizweni ye-petroleum. Le ndlela yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi izoletha imiphumela emibi ekukhiqizeni inaliti ye-petroleum coke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-petroleum ngokwayo kuyi-aliphatic hydrocarbon, okuqukethwe kwe-hydrocarbon enamakha kuphansi, okubangelwa izici zemithombo ye-petroleum ekhona. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yenaliti ye-petroleum kunezidingo eziqinile zezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezinengxenye ephezulu yokuqukethwe kwe-hydrocarbon enamakha, futhi kukhethwa isulfure ephansi, umoya-mpilo, i-asphaltene nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa, ezidinga ukuthi ingxenye enkulu Isibabule singaphansi kuka-0.3%, kanti ingxenye enkulu ye-asphaltene ingaphansi kuka-1.0%. Kodwa-ke, ngokususelwa ekutholeni nasekuhlaziyeni ukwakheka kwasekuqaleni, kutholakala ukuthi iningi lamafutha angcolile acutshungulwa ezweni lakithi angowowoyela ongahluziwe wesulfure ephezulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwamafutha afanele ukukhiqizwa kwenaliti ye-coke ene-hydrocarbon ephezulu enephunga elimnandi. okuqukethwe. Kunzima kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe ukususa ukungcola emafutheni. Khonamanjalo, i-Jnzhou Petrochemical, evuthwe kakhulu ku-R&D nasekukhiqizeni njengamanje, idinga izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifanele ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke egxile enalitini ekukhiqizeni nasekucubunguleni i-coke egxile enalitini ye-petroleum. Ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokungazinzi kwekhwalithi kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukuzinza kwekhwalithi ye-coke egxile enalitini [3]. I-Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. idizayine futhi yamukela ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zeyunithi yokukhiqiza ye-petroleum inaliti coke
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokususa i-particle eqinile. Ngaphezu kokukhetha uwoyela osindayo ofanele ukwenziwa kwe-coke yenaliti, izinto eziyingozi ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zasuswa ngaphambi kokupheka.
(2) Ukuhlaziywa kobunzima bezobuchwepheshe ekubambezelekeni kokupheka kwe-petroleum needle coke
Ukusebenza kokukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunezidingo eziphezulu ekulawuleni izinguquko zokushisa kwemvelo kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza kwinqubo ethile yokucubungula. Kungenye yezinkinga zenqubo yokupheka yokukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti ukuthi ingcindezi, isikhathi kanye nezinga lokushisa le-coke lingalawulwa ngempela ngokwesayensi nangendlela enengqondo, ukuze isikhathi sokuphendula sikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa okungcono nokulungiswa kwemingcele yenqubo yokupheka kanye namazinga athile okusebenza nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yawo wonke ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yenaliti.
Inhloso eyinhloko yokusebenzisa isithando somlilo sokusebenza kokushintsha izinga lokushisa ukwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile ngokuhambisana nendinganiso enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-coke yenaliti ukuze izinga lokushisa elizungezile lifinyelele imingcele edingekayo. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ukukhuthaza ukusabela kokupheka kungenziwa endaweni epholile futhi ephansi yokushisa ngenkathi ibambezela ukusabela kokupheka, ukuze kuzuzwe ukufiphala okunephunga elimnandi, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwama-molecule, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bangakwazi. ziqondiswe futhi ziqiniswe ngaphansi kwesenzo sengcindezi, futhi zikhuthaze ukuzinza kombuso. Isithando sokushisa siwumsebenzi obalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza inaliti ye-petroleum coke, futhi kunezidingo namazinga athile emingcele yebanga lokushisa elithile, elingeke libe ngaphansi komkhawulo ophansi we-476 ℃ futhi elingeke lidlule umkhawulo ongaphezulu wama-500. ℃. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushisa okuguquguqukayo kwesithando somlilo kuyithuluzi elikhulu nezinsiza, kufanele sinake ukufana kwekhwalithi yombhoshongo wenaliti ngayinye: umbhoshongo ngamunye ohlelweni lokudla, ngenxa yokushisa. , ingcindezi, isivinini somoya kanye nezinye izici zishintshiwe, ngakho umbhoshongo we-coke ngemva kwe-coke awulingani, ikhwalithi ephakathi nephansi. Indlela yokuxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yokufana kwekhwalithi ye-needle coke nayo ingenye yezinkinga okufanele zicatshangelwe ekukhiqizeni inaliti ye-coke.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo se-petroleum needle coke
(a) Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi ye-coke yenaliti ye-petroleum yasekhaya
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nemakethe yokugxilwa kwezinaliti kulawulwa yi-United States ne-Japan. Njengamanje, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwe-needle coke e-China, kusenezinkinga ezithile, njengekhwalithi engazinzile, amandla aphansi e-coke kanye ne-powder coke eningi. Nakuba i-coke yenaliti ekhiqiziwe iye yasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-electrode e-graphite enamandla amakhulu kanye ne-ultra-high-power ngobuningi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-electrode ama-graphite anobubanzi obukhulu be-ultra-high-power ngobuningi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwethu nokuthuthukiswa kokugxila kwenaliti akumile, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izoqhubeka nokuba ngcono. I-Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., I-Sinosteel Coal yokukala inaliti ye-coke, i-Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Amayunithi e-coke enaliti yochungechunge lwamafutha afinyelele amathani angama-40,000-50,000/isikali sonyaka, futhi angasebenza ngokuzinzile, athuthukise ikhwalithi njalo.
(2) Isidingo sasekhaya se-petroleum needle coke siyaqhubeka sikhula
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi nensimbi kudinga inani elikhulu lama-electrode anamandla aphezulu kanye nama-electrode amandla aphezulu. Kulo mongo, isidingo se-coke yenaliti ye-electrode yamandla aphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu sikhula ngokushesha, okulinganiselwa kumathani angaba ngu-250,000 ngonyaka. Ukukhishwa kwensimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi eChina kungaphansi kwe-10%, futhi isilinganiso somhlaba wonke somkhiqizo wensimbi yesithando somlilo sifinyelele ku-30%. Izinsalela zethu zensimbi sezifinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyi-160. Ngokwesimo samanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yesithando somlilo akunakugwenywa, ukushoda kwe-coke ye-needle supply ngeke kugwemeke. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokwandisa umthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe futhi kuthuthukiswe indlela yokukhiqiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza.
(3) Ukunwetshwa kwesidingo semakethe kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lobuchwepheshe be-R&D yasekhaya
Igebe lekhwalithi kanye nokwenyuka kwesidingo sokushiswa kwenaliti kudinga ukusheshisa ekuthuthukisweni kokushiswa kwenaliti. Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kokushiswa kwenaliti, abacwaningi baye baqaphela ngokwengeziwe ubunzima ekukhiqizeni inaliti-ukushiswa, ukwandisa imizamo yocwaningo, nokwakha izikhungo zokuhlola ezincane nezivivinyo ukuze bathole idatha yokuhlola yokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula inaliti ye-coke buhlala buthuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo. Ngokombono wezinto ezingavuthiwe nezindlela zokukhiqiza, ukushoda kukawoyela emhlabeni kanye nokwanda kwesibabule okuqukethwe kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-oil system needle coke. Isikhungo esisha sokukhiqiza uwoyela we-pretreatment yezimboni esisha sochungechunge lwenaliti ye-oyela sakhiwe futhi saqala ukusebenza e-Shandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., Futhi kukhiqiziwe impahla eluhlaza enhle kakhulu yochungechunge lwenaliti ye-oil coke, ezokwenza ngcono ngempumelelo ikhwalithi kanye nomphumela we-oil series needle coke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2022