Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi abakhiqizi bamabhethri abasezingeni eliphezulu bazama ukuthenga i-graphitized petroleum coke sisendimeni yayo njengezinto eziwusizo ezibalulekile zezinto ze-anode, ezidlala indima engenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemboni entsha yamandla. Ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu: ubuchwepheshe, imakethe, kanye nemboni.
I. Ubukhulu Bobuchwepheshe: I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke “iyitshe Legumbi” Lezinto Ezisetshenziswa Ku-Anode
1. Inqubo Yokwenza I-Graphitization Ithuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo
I-graphitized petroleum coke iguqulwa ibe yi-graphite ene-crystallinity ephezulu ngokwelashwa ngokushisa okuphezulu (ngokuvamile okungaphezu kuka-2,800°C), okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwayo, ukuzinza, kanye nokuphila komjikelezo. Isibonelo:
- Ibhethri Le-Blade le-BYD: Lisebenzisa i-graphitized petroleum coke njengento ye-anode, lihlanganiswe ne-lithium iron phosphate cathode, lifinyelela ubuningi bamandla aphezulu (ukwanda okungaphezu kuka-30% kokugcinwa kwamandla ngevolumu ngayinye), impilo yomjikelezo omude (imijikelezo engaphezu kuka-2,000 yokushaja nokukhipha), kanye nokuphepha okuhle kakhulu (ukudlula ukuhlolwa kokungena kwezipikili ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo).
- Ibhethri likaTesla elingu-4680: Njengoba line-graphitized petroleum coke eningi ezintweni zalo ze-anode, lisekela amandla okushaja okusheshayo anamandla aphezulu (ukushaja kufike ku-80% ngemizuzu eyi-15) kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi (ukugcinwa kwamandla angaphezu kuka-90% ku--20°C).
2. Inzuzo Ephansi Isekela Izicelo Ezinkulu
I-graphitized petroleum coke inemithombo eminingi yezinto zokusetshenziswa (njengomkhiqizo ophumayo wokucwengisisa uphethiloli), ngamanani ayingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye eyodwa kuphela yalawo e-graphite yemvelo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bayo bokucubungula sebuvuthiwe, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zezinto ze-anode. Isibonelo: - Ngo-2025, intengo emaphakathi ye-coke kaphethiloli ene-sulfur ephansi eShayina kulindeleke ukuthi ibe cishe yi-yuan eyi-1,841 ngethani, kuyilapho amanani e-graphite yemvelo ephezulu edlula ama-yuan ayi-5,000 ngethani.
- I-BYD yehlise izindleko ze-Blade Battery yayo ngo-15%-20% ngokuthenga okukhulu kwe-graphitized petroleum coke, okuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwayo emakethe.
II. Ubukhulu Bemakethe: Isidingo Esiphuthumayo Emkhakheni Omusha Wamandla Siqhuba Ibhalansi Eqinile Yokunikezwa Nesidingo
1. Ukwanda Kwesidingo Samabhethri Kagesi
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-30 ngo-2025, okwandisa isidingo samabhethri kagesi ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40.
Njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-anode, isidingo se-graphitized petroleum coke siyakhula ngasikhathi sinye. Isibonelo:
- I-GWh ngayinye yamabhethri e-lithium idinga cishe amathani angu-600 e-graphitized petroleum coke, kanti isidingo somhlaba wonke emkhakheni wamabhethri kagesi kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngo-2025.
- Ifektri yaseTesla eShanghai, enomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke okhuliswe waba amayunithi ayisigidi esisodwa, izodinga amathani angaphezu kuka-60,000 e-graphitized petroleum coke.
2. Imakethe Yokugcina Amandla Ivela Njengengxenye Entsha Yokukhula
Umthamo wokugcina amandla omhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-500 GWh ngo-2025, kanti amabhethri e-lithium-ion angaphezu kuka-80%.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kakhulu, i-graphitized petroleum coke inezinga lokungena elingaphezu kuka-70% ezintweni ze-anode zamabhethri okugcina amandla, okuba yinto ebalulekile ekwandisweni yizinkampani ezifana ne-CATL kanye ne-LG Energy Solution.
III. Ubukhulu Bemboni: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-Supply Chain kanye Nokuhlelwa Okusheshisiwe Okuqhutshwa Yinqubomgomo
1. Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqondile Kwezinkambo Zokunikezela Ngamabhizinisi Ahamba Phambili
- I-BYD: Ngokutshala imali emabhizinisini e-carbon (njengokutshala imali eyizigidi eziyi-1 zama-yuan ukwakha iphrojekthi yokuhlanganisa ama-anode), ivale amandla okukhiqiza ekhwalithi ephezulu ye-graphitized petroleum coke, yandisa inzuzo yayo ngamaphuzu angu-8%.
- I-Tesla: Isayine izivumelwano zesikhathi eside nabahlinzeki be-coke kaphethiloli abangaphansi kwe-sulfur emhlabeni jikelele (njengalabo abase-United States naseNetherlands) ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
2. Inzuzo Yenqubomgomo Ikhulula Amathuba Emboni
Isu laseShayina elithi “i-dual carbon” libangele ukwanda okukhulu embonini entsha yamandla, njengoba usayizi wemakethe yemboni ye-petroleum coke kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-$26.67 billion ngo-2025, kanti isilinganiso se-petroleum coke esingaphansi kwe-sulfur sikhuphuka sifike ku-45% (esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ze-anode ezisezingeni eliphezulu).
Izinqubomgomo eziqinile zemvelo (njenge-“Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Petroleum Coke Ezifundeni Eziyinhloko”) ziye zasheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni, lapho amabhizinisi ahamba phambili eqhubeka nokuhlanganisa izikhundla zawo zemakethe ngokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bawo (njengezindawo zokugcina ezihlanganisiwe nezokuthutha kanye nezinhlelo zokususa uthuli ezisebenza kahle kakhulu) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-carbon ephansi.
IV. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuguqulwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Ngesikhathi Esifanayo kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni
1. Ukungena Kancane Kancane Kwezinto Ezisekelwe Ku-Silicon Ezisekelwe Ku-Anode
I-coke kaphethiloli ene-graphitized izohlanganiswa nezinto ezisekelwe ku-silicon (njenge-silicon-carbon anodes) ukuze kwandiswe ubuningi bamandla ebhethri (inani eliyinkolelo elidlula i-400 Wh/kg), okuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ingxenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa ku-silicon-based anode izofinyelela ku-10% ngo-2025, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwesakhiwo kwesidingo se-graphitized petroleum coke.
2. Isakhiwo Somhlaba Wonke Esisheshisiwe
Ukwakhiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza i-anode phesheya kwezilwandle (njengokudingeka okwengeziwe kwamathani angu-600,000 kuya ku-700,000 e-coke kaphethiloli ephansi kwe-sulfur okulindeleke ngo-2026-2027) kuzoqhuba ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhizinisi e-coke kaphethiloli aseShayina ane-graphitized, okwakha inzuzo yokuncintisana egcwele "yezicelo zokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa."
Isiphetho
I-coke kaphethiloli ene-graphitized isibe umthombo "wegolide elimnyama" ofunwa abakhiqizi bamabhethri abasezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izinzuzo zezindleko, kanye nokusebenzisana kwezimboni. Njengoba imboni entsha yamandla iqhubeka nokukhula, isikhundla sayo semakethe sizoqiniswa kakhulu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba wonke kuba yisihluthulelo sokuncintisana kwamabhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2025