Ikhono eliyingqayizivele le-Graphite lokuqhuba ugesi ngenkathi ikhipha noma idlulisela ukushisa kude nezinto ezibalulekile lenza kube yinto enhle kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-elekthronikhi okuhlanganisa ama-semiconductor, ama-motor kagesi, ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri anamuhla.
I-Graphene yilokho ososayensi nonjiniyela abakubiza ngokuthi ungqimba olulodwa lwe-graphite ezingeni le-athomu, futhi lezi zingqimba ezincane ze-graphene ziyagoqwa futhi zisetshenziswe kuma-nanotubes. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuqhuba kukagesi okumangalisayo kanye namandla nokuqina okumangalisayo kwezinto.
Ama-carbon nanotubes anamuhla akhiwe ngesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi esifinyelela ku-132,000,000:1, esikhulu kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye into. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ku-nanotechnology, okuseyintsha ezweni lama-semiconductor, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi be-graphite bebelokhu benza amazinga athile e-graphite embonini yama-semiconductor amashumi eminyaka.
2. AmaMoto Kagesi, AmaJeneretha kanye Nama-Alternator
Izinto ze-carbon graphite nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-motor kagesi, kuma-generator, kanye nama-alternator ngesimo samabhulashi e-carbon. Kulesi simo "ibhulashi" liyithuluzi eliqhuba ugesi phakathi kwezintambo ezimile kanye nenhlanganisela yezingxenye ezihambayo, futhi ngokuvamile ligcinwa emgodleni ojikelezayo.
3. Ukufakelwa kwe-Ion
I-Graphite manje isetshenziswa kaningi embonini ye-elekthronikhi. Isetshenziswa ekufakweni kwama-ion, kuma-thermocouple, kumaswishi kagesi, kuma-capacitor, kuma-transistors, nasemabhethri futhi.
Ukufakelwa kwe-ion kuyinqubo yobunjiniyela lapho ama-ion ento ethile esheshiswa khona ensimini kagesi bese ethinteka kwenye into, njengendlela yokufakelwa. Kungenye yezinqubo eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-microchip kumakhompyutha ethu anamuhla, futhi ama-athomu e-graphite ngokuvamile angenye yezinhlobo zama-athomu afakwa kula ma-microchip asekelwe ku-silicon.
Ngaphandle kwendima eyingqayizivele ye-graphite ekukhiqizweni kwama-microchip, izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe ku-graphite manje sezisetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sama-capacitor nama-transistors endabuko. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, i-graphene ingaba yindlela ehlukile engaba khona esikhundleni se-silicon ngokuphelele. Incane ngokuphindwe kayi-100 kune-transistor ye-silicon encane kakhulu, iqhuba ugesi kahle kakhulu, futhi inezakhiwo ezingavamile ezingaba wusizo kakhulu ekubalweni kwe-quantum. I-Graphene isetshenziswe nakuma-capacitor esimanje. Eqinisweni, ama-supercapacitor e-graphene kuthiwa anamandla ngokuphindwe ka-20 kune-capacitor yendabuko (ekhulula i-20 W/cm3), futhi angase abe namandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kunebhethri lanamuhla elinamandla aphezulu, i-lithium-ion.
4. Amabhethri
Uma kukhulunywa ngamabhethri (iseli elomile kanye ne-lithium-Ion), izinto zekhabhoni kanye ne-graphite ziye zaba usizo lapha futhi. Endabeni yeseli elomile yendabuko (amabhethri esivame ukuwasebenzisa kuma-radio ethu, kuma-flashlight, kuma-remote, nasemawashini), i-electrode yensimbi noma induku ye-graphite (i-cathode) izungezwe yi-electrolyte paste emanzi, futhi kokubili kufakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sensimbi.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamuhla asebenzisa i-graphite futhi — njenge-anode. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion amadala asebenzisa izinto ze-graphite zendabuko, kodwa manje njengoba i-graphene isitholakala kalula, ama-graphene anode manje asetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho — ikakhulukazi ngezizathu ezimbili; 1. ama-graphene anode agcina amandla kangcono kanye 2. athembisa isikhathi sokushaja esishesha ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunebhethri le-lithium-ion lendabuko.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aphinde ashajwe aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Manje avame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zethu zasekhaya, kuma-elekthronikhi aphathwayo, kuma-laptop, kuma-smart phone, ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, ezimotweni zempi, kanye nasezinhlelweni zezindiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-15-2021