1. IZINTO EZINGAKAHLANZI
I-Coke (cishe 75-80% okuqukethwe)
I-Petroleum Coke
I-petroleum coke iyinto eluhlaza ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi yakhiwe ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ku-needle coke ene-anisotropic ephezulu kuya ku-coke ecishe ibe yi-isotropic fluid. I-needle coke ene-anisotropic ephezulu, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-electrode asebenza kahle asetshenziswa ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc, lapho kudingeka khona izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kagesi, wemishini nowokushisa. I-petroleum coke cishe ikhiqizwa kuphela yinqubo yokubambezeleka kwe-coking, okuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi esincane yokwenza i-carbonization yezinsalela ze-oyela ongahluziwe.
I-Needle coke yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa lohlobo olukhethekile lwe-coke olune-graphitizability ephezulu kakhulu ebangelwa ukuqondiswa okunamandla okuhambisanayo kwesakhiwo sayo sengqimba ye-turbostratic kanye nesimo esithile somzimba sezinhlamvu.
Ama-binder (cishe 20-25% kokuqukethwe)
I-coal tar pitch
Izinto zokubopha zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiya eziqinile. Ngakho-ke ikhono lazo lokumanzisa eliphezulu liguqula ingxube ibe yisimo sepulasitiki sokubumba noma ukukhipha okulandelayo.
I-coal tar pitch iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo futhi inesakhiwo esihlukile se-aromatic. Ngenxa yesilinganiso sayo esiphezulu sezindandatho ze-benzene ezifakwe esikhundleni nezihlanganisiwe, isivele inesakhiwo se-graphite esinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha esakhiwe kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukwakheka kwezizinda ze-graphite ezihlelwe kahle ngesikhathi se-graphitisation. I-pitch izibonakalisa iyisihlanganisi esizuzisa kakhulu. Iyinsalela ye-distillation ye-coal tar.
2. UKUXUBISA NOKWENZA OKUNGENAYO
I-coke egayiwe ixutshwa ne-coal tar pitch kanye nezinye izithasiselo ukuze kwakhiwe i-paste efanayo. Lokhu kungeniswa kusilinda yokukhipha. Esinyathelweni sokuqala umoya kufanele ususwe ngokucindezela kusengaphambili. Isinyathelo sangempela sokukhipha silandela lapho ingxube ikhishwa khona ukuze kwakhiwe i-electrode enobubanzi nobude obufunwayo. Ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuxuba futhi ikakhulukazi inqubo yokukhipha (bheka isithombe ngakwesokudla) ingxube kufanele ibe bushelelezi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuyigcina ekushiseni okuphezulu okungaba ngu-120°C (kuye ngokuthi iphimbo linjani) phakathi nenqubo yonke yokukhiqiza eluhlaza. Lolu hlobo oluyisisekelo olunesimo se-cylindrical lwaziwa ngokuthi “i-electrode eluhlaza”.
3. UKUBHAKA
Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezitofu zokubhaka:
Lapha izinduku ezikhishwe zifakwa kuma-canister ensimbi engagqwali (ama-saggers). Ukuze kugwenywe ukuguquka kwama-electrode ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa, ama-saggers agcwaliswa ngesihlabathi esivikelayo. Ama-saggers alayishwa ezisekelweni zesitimela (ezansi zezimoto) bese egoqwa abe yizitofu ezisebenzisa igesi yemvelo.
Isithando somlilo esijikelezayo
Lapha ama-electrode abekwa emgodini ombozwe ngamatshe phansi kwehholo lokukhiqiza. Lo mgodi uyingxenye yohlelo lwendandatho olunamakamelo angaphezu kwe-10. Amakamelo axhunywe kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza komoya oshisayo ukuze kongiwe amandla. Izikhala eziphakathi kwama-electrode nazo zigcwele isihlabathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuguquka. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhaka, lapho iphimbo lishintshwa libe yi-carbon, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokucophelela ngoba emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-800°C ukwakheka kwegesi okusheshayo kungabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-electrode.
Kulesi sigaba ama-electrode anobuningi obungu-1,55 - 1,60 kg/dm3.
4. UKUKHULELWA
Ama-electrode abhakiwe afakwa i-pitch ekhethekile (i-liquid pitch ku-200°C) ukuze awanike ubuningi obuphezulu, amandla omshini, kanye nokuqhuba kukagesi azokudinga ukuze amelane nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima ngaphakathi kwezitofu.
5. UKUBHAKA KABUSHA
Umjikelezo wesibili wokubhaka, noma “ukubhaka kabusha,” uyadingeka ukuze kufakwe i-carbon ku-pitch impregnation futhi kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka okusele. Izinga lokushisa lokubhaka kabusha lifinyelela cishe ku-750°C. Kulesi sigaba ama-electrode angafinyelela ubuningi obungu-1,67 - 1,74 kg/dm3.
6. UKUGUQUKA KWE-GRAPHIZATION
Isithando Somlilo sase-Acheson
Isinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizweni kwe-graphite ukuguqulwa kwe-carbon ebhakiwe ibe yi-graphite, okubizwa ngokuthi i-graphitizing. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-graphitizing, i-carbon e-ordered pre-ordered (i-turbostratic carbon) eningi noma encane iguqulwa ibe yisakhiwo se-graphite esi-ordered three-dimensional.
Ama-electrode apakishwa ezithandweni zikagesi ezizungezwe yizinhlayiya zekhabhoni ukuze kwakheke isisindo esiqinile. Ugesi udlula esithandweni, uphakamise izinga lokushisa libe cishe ngu-3000°C. Le nqubo ivame ukufezwa kusetshenziswa i-ACHESON FURNACE noma i-LENGTHWISE FURNACE (LWG).
Ngesithando somlilo sase-Acheson ama-electrode ahlelwa nge-graphith kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-batch, kuyilapho esithandweni se-LWG ikholomu yonke ihlelwa nge-graphith ngasikhathi sinye.
7. UKUSEBENZA NGOMSHINI
Ama-electrode e-graphite (ngemuva kokupholisa) aklanywa ngomshini ukuze alingane kahle futhi avumelane. Lesi sigaba singase sihlanganise nokulungisa nokufaka iziphetho (amasokhethi) zama-electrode ngohlelo lokujoyina olunentambo lwe-graphite pin (nipple).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-08-2021