Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezinto zekhabhoni iwubunjiniyela besistimu obulawulwa ngokuqinile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode, izinto ezikhethekile zekhabhoni, i-aluminium carbon, izinto ezintsha zekhabhoni eziphezulu azihlukaniseki nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini, ubuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kwezici ezine zokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyizici ezibalulekile ezinquma izici eziyisisekelo zezinto zekhabhoni, kanti ukusebenza kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kunquma ukusebenza kwezinto zekhabhoni ezikhiqizwe. Ekukhiqizweni kwama-electrode e-UHP ne-HP graphite, i-needle coke yekhwalithi ephezulu yiyona ekhethwa kuqala, kodwa futhi ne-asphalt yekhwalithi ephezulu, i-asphalt ye-agent yokufaka. Kodwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela, ukuntuleka kwemishini, ubuchwepheshe, izici zokuphatha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, nakho akukwazi ukukhiqiza i-electrode ye-UHP, i-HP graphite yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Lesi sihloko sigxile ezicini ze-needle coke esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze sichaze imibono yomuntu siqu, ukuze kuxoxwe ngabakhiqizi be-needle coke, abakhiqizi be-electrode, nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi.
Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwe-needle coke eShayina sekudlule isikhathi kunokwamabhizinisi angaphandle, kuthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje futhi sekuqalile ukubonakala. Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele, kungahlangabezana nesidingo se-needle coke sama-electrode e-UHP ne-HP graphite akhiqizwa amabhizinisi e-carbon asekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kusenegebe elithile ekhwalithini ye-needle coke uma kuqhathaniswa namabhizinisi angaphandle. Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwe-batch kuthinta isidingo se-needle coke esezingeni eliphezulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrode enkulu ye-UHP ne-HP graphite, ikakhulukazi ayikho i-needle coke esezingeni eliphezulu engahlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode joint.
Amabhizinisi ekhabhoni angaphandle akhiqiza imininingwane emikhulu ye-UHP, i-HP graphite electrode ivame ukukhetha kuqala i-coke yenaliti ye-petroleum esezingeni eliphezulu njenge-coke eyinhloko yezinto zokusetshenziswa, amabhizinisi ekhabhoni aseJapan nawo asebenzisa i-coke yenaliti yochungechunge lwamalahle njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yemininingwane elandelayo ye-φ 600 mm yokukhiqizwa kwe-electrode ye-graphite. Njengamanje, i-coke yenaliti eShayina ikakhulukazi i-coke yenaliti yochungechunge lwamalahle. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrode ye-graphite ye-UHP esezingeni eliphezulu ephezulu ngamabhizinisi ekhabhoni kuvame ukuncika ku-coke yenaliti yochungechunge lwama-petroleum engenisiwe, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-joint yekhwalithi ephezulu ne-coke yenaliti yamafutha yaseJapan engenisiwe kanye ne-coke yenaliti yamafutha yaseBrithani ye-HSP njengezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Njengamanje, i-needle coke ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ivame ukuqhathaniswa nezinkomba zokusebenza kwezentengiselwano ze-needle coke yangaphandle ngezinkomba zokusebenza ezivamile, njengokuqukethwe komlotha, ubuningi beqiniso, okuqukethwe kwesulfure, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa njalonjalo. Kodwa-ke, kusenokuntuleka kwamazinga ahlukene okuhlukaniswa kwe-needle coke uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-needle coke ngokwesiko futhi "kwezimpahla ezihlanganisiwe", akunakubonisa izinga le-needle coke yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngaphezu kokuqhathanisa ukusebenza okuvamile, amabhizinisi e-carbon kufanele futhi anake ukuhlukaniswa kwe-needle coefficient, njengokuhlukaniswa kwe-thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), amandla ezinhlayiya, izinga le-anisotropy, idatha yokwanda esimweni esingavimbelwe kanye nesimo esivimbelwe, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa phakathi kokwanda kanye nokuncipha. Ngoba lezi zakhiwo zokushisa ze-needle coke zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni inqubo ye-graphitization enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-graphite electrode, vele, ithonya lezakhiwo zokushisa ze-asphalt coke ezakhiwe ngemuva kokuthosa i-binder kanye ne-inpregnating agent asphalt alikhishwa ngaphandle.
1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-anisotropy ye-needle coke
(A) Isampula: umzimba we-electrode we-φ 500 mm UHP wefektri yekhabhoni yasekhaya;
I-coke yenaliti yezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ibanga elisha laseJapan le-Chemical LPC-U, isilinganiso: Ibanga le-100% LPC-U; Ukuhlaziywa: Isitshalo se-SGL Griesheim; Izinkomba zokusebenza ziboniswe kuThebula 1.
(B) Isampula: φ 450 mmHP umzimba we-electrode wefektri yekhabhoni yasekhaya; I-coke yenaliti yezinto ezingavuthiwe: i-coke yenaliti yamafutha efektri yasekhaya, isilinganiso: 100%; Ukuhlaziywa: Isitshalo Sekhabhoni saseShandong Bazan; Izinkomba zokusebenza ziboniswe kuThebula 2.
Njengoba kungabonakala ekuqhathanisweni kweThebula 1 kanye neThebula 2, izinga le-lPC-U le-needle coke yezilinganiso zamalahle zamakhemikhali zansuku zonke ezintsha line-anisotropy enkulu yezakhiwo zokushisa, lapho i-anisotropy ye-CTE ingafinyelela ku-3.61 ~ 4.55, kanti i-anisotropy yokumelana nayo inkulu, ifinyelela ku-2.06 ~ 2.25. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amandla okuguquguquka kwe-petroleum needle coke yasekhaya angcono kune-needle coke entsha yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke ye-LPC-U. Inani le-anisotropy liphansi kakhulu kune-needle coke entsha yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke ye-LPC-U.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwe-anisotropic degree kuwukulinganisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-needle coke noma akuyona indlela ebalulekile yokuhlaziya, ubukhulu bezinga le-anisotropy, vele, bunethonya elithile enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-electrode, izinga le-anisotropy kagesi ukusebenza kokushaqeka okushisayo kakhulu kunezinga le-anisotropy lamandla aphakathi kwe-electrode encane lihle.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-coke yamalahle e-needle eShayina kukhulu kakhulu kunokwe-coke yamalahle e-petroleum. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nentengo yamabhizinisi e-carbon, kunzima ukusebenzisa i-coke yamalahle yasekhaya engu-100% ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrode ye-UHP, ngenkathi kungezwa ingxenye ethile ye-coke yamalahle e-calcated kanye ne-graphite powder ukukhiqiza i-electrode. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuhlola i-anisotropy ye-coke yamalahle yasekhaya.
2. Izakhiwo eziqondile nezinomthamo ze-needle coke
Ukusebenza kokushintsha okuqondile nokuqondile kwe-needle coke kubonakala kakhulu enqubweni ye-graphite ekhiqizwa yi-electrode. Ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, i-needle coke izokhula futhi inciphe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa kwenqubo ye-graphite, okuthinta ngqo ushintsho oluqondile noluqondile lwe-billet eyosiwe ye-electrode enqubweni ye-graphite. Lokhu akufani ngokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-coke eluhlaza, amazinga ahlukene e-needle coke ayashintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ububanzi bokushisa bezinguquko eziqondile neziqondile ze-volume ze-needle coke kanye ne-calcined petroleum coke nakho kuyahluka. Kuphela ngokuqonda lesi sici se-coke eluhlaza lapho singalawula khona kangcono futhi senze ngcono ukukhiqizwa kokulandelana kwamakhemikhali e-graphite. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu enqubweni yochungechunge lwe-graphitization.
Ithebula 3 likhombisa izinguquko eziqondile kanye nezinga lokushisa lamazinga amathathu e-petroleum needle coke ekhiqizwa yiConocophillips e-UK. Ukwanda okuqondile kwenzeka kuqala lapho i-oil needle coke iqala ukushisa, kodwa izinga lokushisa ekuqaleni kokuncipha okuqondile livame ukuba ngemuva kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-calcination. Kusukela ku-1525℃ kuya ku-1725℃, ukwanda okuqondile kuqala, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuncipha okuqondile lonke lincane, lingama-200℃ kuphela. Izinga lokushisa lokuncipha komugqa wonke we-petroleum coke ejwayelekile ebambezelekile likhulu kakhulu kunele-needle coke, kanti i-coal needle coke yamalahle iphakathi kwalezi ezimbili, inkulu kancane kune-oil needle coke. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-Osaka Industrial Technology Test Institute eJapan ikhombisa ukuthi lapho ukusebenza kokushisa kwe-coke kubi kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lokuncipha komugqa likhulu, kufika ku-500 ~ 600℃ izinga lokushisa lokuncipha komugqa, futhi ukuqala kokushisa kokuncipha komugqa kuphansi, ku-1150 ~ 1200℃ kwaqala ukwenzeka, okuyizimpawu ze-oral petroleum coke ejwayelekile ebambezelekile.
Uma izakhiwo zokushisa zingcono futhi i-anisotropy ye-needle coke inkulu, ibanga lokushisa lokuncishiswa okuqondile liyancipha. Amanye ama-coke e-needle asezingeni eliphezulu asezingeni lokushisa lokuncishiswa okuqondile angu-100 ~ 150℃ kuphela. Kuzuzisa kakhulu amabhizinisi e-carbon ukuqondisa ukukhiqizwa kwenqubo ye-graphitization ngemuva kokuqonda izici zokwanda okuqondile, ukuncishiswa kanye nokwandiswa kabusha kwe-coke yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene, okungagwema eminye imikhiqizo yemfucuza yekhwalithi engadingekile ebangelwa ukusebenzisa imodi yendabuko yokuhlangenwe nakho.
Isiphetho sesi-3
Ziphathe kahle izici ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa, khetha ukufanisa imishini okunengqondo, inhlanganisela enhle yobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi kungokwesayensi futhi kunengqondo, lolu chungechunge lwenqubo yonke lulawulwa ngokuqinile futhi luzinzile, kungashiwo ukuthi lunesisekelo sokukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-electrode enamandla aphezulu e-graphite.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 30-2021