Ithonsi likawoyela liqala uhambo oluvela ensimini kawoyela, lidlula ezinqubweni zokugaya ukuze liguquke libe yi-petroleum coke, bese lihlungwa ngokwengeziwe nge-graphitization ukuze lenze izinto ze-graphite ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Ekugcineni, lithola ukusetshenziswa kwalo ohlangothini lwe-anode lwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi (EV), linikeza amandla ezimotweni. Le nqubo ibonisa ukuguquka kukawoyela kusuka emthonjeni wamandla wendabuko kuya ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okuqhuba intuthuko eluhlaza yezokuthutha zesikhathi esizayo. Ngezansi ukulandelela okuningiliziwe kwale nqubo:
1. Ukupheka Ngophethiloli: Ukuguqulwa Kusuka Kuwoyela Ongahluziwe Kuya Ku-Coke Kaphethiloli
Ukupheka uwoyela kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni uwoyela, ikakhulukazi ehilela ukuqhekeka kwamafutha asele ngokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe amagesi, uphethiloli, udizili, uwoyela onzima we-distillate, kanye ne-petroleum coke. Ingqikithi yale nqubo iwukuguqula uwoyela osele osindayo, onenani eliphansi ube yi-petroleum coke enenani eliphezulu kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamafutha alula.
Izinhlobo Zenqubo: Izinqubo zokupheka uphethiloli zifaka phakathi ukupheka okuphuzile, ukupheka okuketshezi, kanye nokushintshashintsha, phakathi kokunye. Ukupheka okuphuzile njengamanje kuyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, lapha "iyunithi" ifaneleka kakhulu ngokomongo wobuchwepheshe) emhlabeni jikelele, isebenzisa ama-drum amabili e-coke asebenza ngokushintshana. Amafutha asele ayaqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, akhiqize i-coke eqoqana kuma-drum bese isuswa kamuva ngokuhlanzwa kwe-hydraulic.
Izici Zomkhiqizo: I-petroleum coke, umkhiqizo oyinhloko oqinile wenqubo yokupheka, inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi. Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe, i-petroleum coke ingahlukaniswa njenge-fuel-grade noma i-electrode-grade. I-petroleum coke ye-petroleum ye-fuel-grade isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nesamente, kuyilapho i-petroleum coke ye-electrode-grade, ngenxa yobumsulwa bayo obuphezulu kanye nokuqhuba kahle kukagesi, isebenza njengezinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ama-graphite electrode kanye nezinto ze-lithium-ion battery anode.
2. Ukucutshungulwa kweGraphitization: Ukususwa kwe-Sublimation kusuka ku-Petroleum Coke kuya ku-High-Purity Graphite Materials
Ukucubungula i-graphitization kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuguquleni i-petroleum coke ibe izinto ze-graphite ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lapho ukubola kokushisa kanye nokusabela kwe-graphitization kubangela izinguquko zesakhiwo ku-petroleum coke, kwakha isakhiwo se-graphite esimsulwa.
Amasu Okucubungula: Ukucubungula i-graphitization ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlola izinto zokusetshenziswa nokuchoboza, ukubhaka, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-graphitization furnace. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukungcola okusele ku-petroleum coke kuyavimbeka kancane kancane, kuyilapho ama-athomu e-carbon ehlelwa kabusha ukuze akhe isakhiwo se-graphite esiminyene. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokucubungula kahle nokupakishwa, i-petroleum coke eqediwe i-graphitized isilungele ukuthengiswa.
Izici Zomkhiqizo: I-graphitized petroleum coke inamandla okuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ugesi omuhle kakhulu, kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezimboni, kufaka phakathi ama-electrode, ama-cathode, kanye namafutha okushisa. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni webhethri le-lithium-ion, i-graphitized petroleum coke, njengesandulela sezinto ze-anode, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuningi bamandla ebhethri, impilo yomjikelezo, kanye nokuphepha.
3. Kusukela ku-Graphitized Petroleum Coke kuya kumabhethri e-EV: Ukushayela Amandla Aluhlaza Esikhathi Esizayo
Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla ahlanzekile kanye nentuthuko esimeme sikhula, izimoto zikagesi ziye zavela njengesiqondiso esibalulekile sezokuthutha zesikhathi esizayo, okwenza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bebhethri kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kumabhethri e-EV kuwukubonakaliswa kwalesi simo.
Izinto ze-Battery Anode: I-graphitized petroleum coke yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ohlangothini lwe-anode lwamabhethri e-EV, inikeza isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo, ibanga elide lokushayela, kanye nokuphila kwebhethri okweluliwe. Ubumsulwa bayo obuphezulu kanye nokuqhuba kwayo kagesi okuhle kakhulu kuvumela ukudluliselwa kwama-electron okuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokushaja kwebhethri kanye nemijikelezo yokukhipha, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwebhethri.
Icala Lokusebenzisa Okusha: Thatha i-ExxonMobil Corporation njengesibonelo. Le nkampani isungule i-molecule entsha yekhabhoni (esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-graphitized petroleum coke) ekwazi ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila samabhethri e-EV ngo-30%. Lokhu kusungulwa akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri nokuthembeka kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukuthembela ku-graphite embiwe, okunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwentuthuko esimeme yezimoto zikagesi.
Izitayela Nezinzuzo Zemakethe: Njengoba imakethe ye-EV iqhubeka nokukhula kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri buthuthuka, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kumabhethri e-EV abanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthuthuka kobuningi bamandla ebhethri kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ububanzi bokushayela kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ze-EV kuzothuthuka kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenziseka kalula kwe-EV. Lezi zici zizoqhubekisela phambili intuthuko esheshayo yemakethe ye-EV, kamuva zikhulise isidingo esikhulayo se-graphitized petroleum coke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2025