Ngo-1955, iJilin Carbon Factory, ibhizinisi lokuqala laseShayina le-graphite electrode, laqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngosizo lochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abavela ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-graphite electrode, kunezinhlamvu ezimbili zesiShayina.
I-electrode ye-graphite, impahla ye-graphite ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuqhuba ugesi wamanje nokukhiqizayo, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeniinsimbi.
Emuva kokukhuphuka okujwayelekile kwempahla, i-graphite electrode yalo nyaka ayisebenzi. Isilinganiso senani lemakethe ye-graphite electrode ejwayelekile yayingu-21393 yuan/ton,phezulu 51%kusukela ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ngenxa yalokhu, umfowethu omkhulu we-graphite electrode (isabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-20%) - i-Fang Da carbon (600516) engxenyeni yesithathu yokuqala yalo nyaka imali engenayo yokusebenza yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.57, ukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-37% , buyela ekukhuleni kwenzuzo yengqikithi ka-118%. Le mpumelelo emangalisayo ihehe izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ukuthi ziphenye ngesonto eledlule, phakathi kwazo kukhona amabhizinisi amakhulu omphakathi aqongelela imali njenge-Efonda ne-Harvest.
Futhi abangani abanaka imboni yamandla kagesi bonke bayazi ukuthi ngaphansi kwesandla sensimbi sethempeli ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulawulwa kabili, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezimboni zokungcola okuphezulu ziye zayeka ukukhiqiza nokuvala. Izigayo zensimbi njengamabhizinisi aphezulu aphindwe kabili kufanele futhi zibambe iqhaza eliphambili ku-hebei iron futhi isifundazwe sensimbi sigqame kakhulu. Ngokusho kweqiniso, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi encane, isidingo se-graphite electrode sizophinde sinciphise, ngezinzwane zingacabanga, amanani e-graphite electrode kufanele ehle ah.
1. Ngaphandle kwama-electrode e-graphite, ama-arc arc kagesi awasebenzi ngempela
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwama-electrode e-graphite, kuyadingeka ukuvula uchungechunge lwezimboni ukuze ubukeke kancane. Enhla nomfula, i-graphite electrode kuya ku-petroleum coke, inaliti ye-coke imikhiqizo emibili yamakhemikhali njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokulungiselela inqubo eyi-11 eyinkimbinkimbi,Ithani elingu-1 le-graphite electrode lidinga amathani angu-1.02 wezinto ezingavuthiwe, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-50, izindleko zempahla zibalwe ngaphezu kwama-65%.
Njengoba ngishilo, ama-electrode e-graphite ahambisa ugesi. Ngokuvumelana nokuminyana kwamanje okuvumelekile, ama-electrode egraphite angaphinde ahlukaniswe abeamandla avamile, amandla aphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu kakhuluama-electrode e-graphite. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-electrode zinezakhiwo ezahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali.
Ngaphansi komfula, ama-electrode e-graphite asetshenziswa kuma-arc furnaces, i-silicon yezimboni kanyei-phosphorus ephuziukukhiqizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ngokuvamile kubala cishe80%ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwama-electrode e-graphite, intengo yakamuva ibangelwa ikakhulukazi imboni yensimbi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngenani elandayo lamandla aphezulu we-EAF asebenza kangcono ngezindleko, ama-electrode e-graphite nawo athuthukela kumandla aphezulu, asebenza kangcono kunamandla ajwayelekile. Ubani ophetheI-electrode ephezulu ye-graphite yamandla aphezuluubuchwepheshe, ozohola imakethe yesikhathi esizayo. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abangu-10 abahamba phambili emhlabeni bama-electrode e-graphite wamandla aphezulu kakhulu benza cishe u-44.4% wesamba somkhiqizo wama-electrode we-graphite wamandla aphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Imakethe igxile kakhulu, futhi izwe elihamba phambili yiJapane.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu okulandelayo, nasi isingeniso esifushane sendlela yokwenza insimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukuncibilika kwensimbi nensimbi kuhlukaniswaisithando somlilofuthiisithando somlilo se-arc kagesi: okokuqala kuzoba insimbi yensimbi, i-coke kanye nokunye okuncibilikisa insimbi yengulube, bese kuba inani elikhulu lesiguquli esifutha umoya-mpilo, i-iron encibilikisiwe yokukhipha ikhabhoni ibe yinsimbi ewuketshezi. Enye isebenzisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi nezishisayo zama-graphite electrode ukuze incibilikise insimbi eyizinsimbi futhi iyenze ibe insimbi.
Ngakho-ke, i-graphite electrode ye-EAF steel making, njenge-PVDF ye-lithium anode, isidingo asiningi (ithani elingu-1 lensimbi lidla kuphela i-electrode ye-graphite engu-1.2-2.5kg), kodwa empeleni akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwakhe. Futhi ngeke kube khona ozongena esikhundleni maduzane.
2. Ikhabhoni emibili yomlilo, ithululele umthamo we-graphite electrode
Hhayi kuphela insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrode ye-graphite nakho kuyimboni ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nemboni ekhishwayo, ukunwetshwa komthamo kwesikhathi esizayo akulona ithemba. Ukukhiqizwa kwethani elilodwa le-electrode ye-graphite kudla cishe amathani angu-1,7 amalahle avamile, futhi uma iguqulwa ibe amathani angu-2,66 e-carbon dioxide ngethani lamalahle avamile, ithani elilodwa le-graphite electrode likhiphela cishe amathani angu-4,5 esikhutha emkhathini. I-Inner Mongolia ayisavumi iphrojekthi ye-graphite electrode kulo nyaka kuwubufakazi obuhle.
Iqhutshwa yithagethi yekhabhoni ekabili kanye netimu eluhlaza, ukukhishwa konyaka kwama-graphite electrode nakho kwehle okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni emine. Ngo-2017, imakethe yensimbi ye-eAF yomhlaba wonke, eqhuba isidingo se-graphite electrode, abadlali be-graphite electrode bakhuphule ukukhiqizwa nokwanda kwamandla, i-Graphite electrode e-China kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019 ibonise umkhuba wokukhula okuphezulu.
Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo, i-eatmeat ekhuphuka nomfula, idla ama-noodle.
Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali ngokweqile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode embonini, okuholela esitokisini esiningi emakethe, kwavula umzila ophansi wemboni, ukugunyazwa kwempahla kuye kwaba iculo eliyinhloko. Ngo-2020, ukukhishwa okuphelele kwe-electrode ye-graphite yomhlaba wonke kwehle ngamathani angu-340,000, kwehle kwafika ku-22%, ukukhishwa kwe-graphite electrode yaseChina nakho kwehle kusuka kumathani angu-800,000 kuya kumathani angu-730,000, ukukhishwa kwangempela kwalo nyaka kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kuphela.
Ngobunye ubusuku emuva ngaphambi kwenkululeko.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza awukhuphukile, ayikho imali (imali ephansi ephansi), amanani wempahla eluhlaza ayakhuphuka. I-petroleum coke, inaliti ye-coke muva nje ngesonto ikhuphuke ngama-yuan angama-300-600/ton. Inhlanganisela yalokhu okuthathu ishiya abadlali be-graphite benenketho eyodwa kuphela, okuwukukhuphula amanani. Amandla avamile, aphezulu, amandla aphakeme kakhulu ama-electrode amathathu e-graphite akhuphule intengo. Ngokombiko we-Baichuan Yingfu, ngisho noma intengo ikhuphuka, imakethe ye-graphite electrode yaseShayina isashoda, abanye abakhiqizi cishe abanalo uhlu lwe-graphite electrode, izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
3. Ukuguqulwa kwensimbi, indawo yokucabanga evulekile ye-graphite electrode
Uma imingcele yokukhiqiza, izindleko ezikhuphukayo kanye nokungabi nanzuzo kuyimbangela yokukhuphuka kwentengo yama-electrode e-graphite ngemva kokwehla komjikelezo, ukuguqulwa kwemboni yensimbi kuvula umcabango wokukhuphuka kwentengo kwesikhathi esizayo kwama-electrode e-graphite aphezulu.
Njengamanje, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 omkhiqizo wensimbi ongahluziwe wasekhaya uvela ku-blast furnace steelmaking (coke), ekhipha ikhabhoni enkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngezidingo zikazwelonke zokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ensimbi, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa i-carbon, abanye abakhiqizi bensimbi baye basuka esithandweni somlilo baya esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi. Izinqubomgomo ezifanele ezethulwe ngonyaka odlule ziphinde zaveza ukuthi ukukhishwa kwensimbi yesithando somlilo se-arc kubale ngaphezu kuka-15% wesamba sensimbi engahluziwe ephumayo, futhi ilwela ukuzuza u-20%. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngoba i-graphite electrode ibaluleke kakhulu esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi, ibuye ithuthukise ngokungaqondile izidingo zekhwalithi ye-graphite electrode.
Akukhona ngaphandle kwesizathu ukuthi ingxenye yensimbi ye-EAF kufanele ithuthukiswe. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, amaphesenti okukhiqizwa kwensimbi kagesi arc emhlabeni jikelele okukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe afinyelele ku-25.2%, i-United States, i-European Union amazwe angu-27 ayengu-62.7%, 39.4%, izwe lethu kule ndawo yenqubekelaphambili kunendawo eningi. , ukuze kukhuliswe isidingo se-graphite electrode.
Ngakho-ke, kungalinganiselwa kalula ukuthi uma ukukhishwa kwensimbi ye-EAF kubala cishe ama-20% omkhiqizo ophelele wensimbi engahluziwe ngo-2025, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe kubalwa ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-800 ngonyaka, isidingo se-graphite electrode yaseChina Ngo-2025 cishe amathani angama-750,000. UFrost Sullivan ubikezela ukuthi okungenani ikota yesine yalo nyaka isenayo indawo okufanele isebenze.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-electrode yegraphite ikhuphuka ngokushesha, konke kuncike ebhandeni lesithando somlilo se-arc kagesi.
4. Ukufingqa
Ekuphetheni, i-graphite electrode inezici ezinamandla ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwayo zilula, ezithonywa kakhulu imboni yensimbi ephansi. Ngemuva kwe-upcycle kusuka ku-2017 kuya ku-2019, yaphela ngonyaka odlule. Kulo nyaka, ngaphansi komkhawulo wokukhiqiza, inzuzo ephansi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu, intengo ye-graphite electrode yehlile futhi izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Ngokuzayo, ngezidingo zokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi embonini yensimbi nensimbi, insimbi ye-EAF izoba yisisusa esibalulekile sokuqhuba ukwanda kwesidingo se-graphite electrode, kodwa ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kuzoba yinqubo ende. Izintengo ezikhuphukayo zama-electrode egraphite kungenzeka zingabi lula kangako.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-08-2021