Ngo-1955, iJilin Carbon Factory, ibhizinisi lokuqala laseShayina le-graphite electrode, laqaliswa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ngosizo lochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abavela eSoviet Union yangaphambili. Emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-graphite electrode, kunezinhlamvu ezimbili zesiShayina.
I-electrode ye-graphite, into ye-graphite engamelani nokushisa okuphezulu, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqhuba ugesi wamanje nokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeniinsimbi.
Ngenxa yokwenyuka okuvamile kwezimpahla, i-graphite electrode yalo nyaka ayisebenzi. Intengo emaphakathi yemakethe ye-graphite electrode ejwayelekile yayingu-21393 yuan/ton,kukhuphuke ngo-51%kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-electrode ye-graphite yasekhaya umfowethu omkhulu (isabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-20%) - i-Fang Da carbon (600516) kumakota amathathu okuqala alo nyaka imali engenayo yokusebenza engu-3.57 billion yuan, ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-37%, kubuyela ekukhuleni kwenzuzo kamama engu-118%. Le mpumelelo emangalisayo idonsele izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ukuthi ziphenye ngesonto eledlule, phakathi kwazo kunezinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zokuqoqa imali zomphakathi ezifana ne-Efonda ne-Harvest.
Futhi abangane abanaka imboni yamandla kagesi bonke bayazi ukuthi ngaphansi kwesandla sensimbi sethempeli ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulawula kabili, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezimboni zokungcola okuphezulu ziye zamisa ukukhiqizwa nokuvalwa. Izimboni zensimbi njengezinkampani eziphakeme kabili kumele nazo zidlale indima ehamba phambili esifundazweni sensimbi nensimbi i-hebei zivelele kakhulu. Ngokusho kweqiniso, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuncane, isidingo se-graphite electrode naso sizokwehla, njengoba izinzwane zingacabanga, amanani e-graphite electrode kufanele ehle ah.
1. Ngaphandle kwama-electrode e-graphite, izitofu zikagesi ze-arc azisebenzi ngempela
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe ngama-electrode e-graphite, kubalulekile ukuvula uchungechunge lwezimboni ukuze ubuke kancane. Phezulu, i-graphite electrode kuya ku-petroleum coke, i-needle coke imikhiqizo emibili yamakhemikhali njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi engu-11,Ithani eli-1 le-electrode ye-graphite lidinga amathani ayi-1.02 ezinto zokusetshenziswa, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezinsuku ezingaphezu kwama-50, izindleko zezinto zokwakha zaba ngaphezu kwama-65%.
Njengoba ngishilo, ama-electrode e-graphite aqhuba ugesi. Ngokusho kobuningi bamanje obuvumelekile, ama-electrode e-graphite angahlukaniswa kabanzi abeamandla ajwayelekile, amandla aphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu kakhuluama-electrode e-graphite. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-electrode zinezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Phansi komfula, ama-electrode e-graphite asetshenziswa ezithandweni ze-arc, i-silicon yezimboni kanyei-phosphorus ephuziukukhiqizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ngokuvamile kubhekisela cishe80%Ngokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwama-electrode e-graphite, intengo yakamuva ibangelwa kakhulu imboni yensimbi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba inani elikhulayo lezinsimbi ze-EAF ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-electrode e-graphite nawo athuthukela emandleni aphezulu kakhulu, anokusebenza okungcono kunamandla avamile. Ngubani onekhono ku-i-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhuluubuchwepheshe, ozohola imakethe yesikhathi esizayo. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abayi-10 abaphambili emhlabeni bama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu bakha cishe u-44.4% womkhiqizo ophelele wama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Imakethe igxile kakhulu, futhi izwe elihamba phambili eliyinhloko yiJapane.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono okulandelayo, nansi isingeniso esifushane sendlela yokwenza insimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukuncibilikisa insimbi nensimbi kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:isithando somlilo esiqhumayofuthiisithando somlilo se-arc kagesi: owokuqala kuzoba yi-iron ore, i-coke kanye nenye insimbi yengulube encibilikisayo, bese kuba yi-converter enkulu evuthela umoya-mpilo, i-iron encibilikisiwe decarbonization ibe yinsimbi ewuketshezi. Omunye usebenzisa izakhiwo zikagesi nezishisayo ezinhle kakhulu zama-electrode e-graphite ukuze ancibilikise insimbi elahliwe futhi ayenze ibe yinsimbi.
Ngakho-ke, i-electrode ye-graphite yokwenza insimbi ye-EAF, njenge-PVDF ye-lithium anode, ayidingi kakhulu (ithani elilodwa lensimbi lisebenzisa i-electrode ye-graphite engu-1.2-2.5kg kuphela), kodwa akunakwenzeka ngempela ngaphandle kwayo. Futhi ngeke kube khona enye ezothatha indawo maduze.
2. Umlilo we-carbon ezimbili, wathululela amandla e-electrode ye-graphite
Akuyona insimbi kuphela, ukukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode nakho kuyimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu amandla kanye nokukhishwa okukhulu komoya, ukwanda kwamandla esikhathini esizayo akukuhle. Ukukhiqizwa kwethani elilodwa le-graphite electrode kudla cishe amathani ayi-1.7 amalahle ajwayelekile, futhi uma kuguqulwa kube amathani ayi-2.66 e-carbon dioxide ngethani ngalinye lamalahle ajwayelekile, ithani elilodwa le-graphite electrode likhipha cishe amathani ayi-4.5 e-carbon dioxide emkhathini. I-Inner Mongolia ayisawuvumeli umsebenzi we-graphite electrode kulo nyaka kuwubufakazi obuhle.
Iqhutshwa yi-dual carbon target kanye ne-green theme, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wama-graphite electrodes nawo wehla okokuqala eminyakeni emine. Ngo-2017, ukuvuselelwa kwemakethe yensimbi ye-eAF yomhlaba wonke, okuqhuba isidingo sama-graphite electrode, abadlali be-graphite electrode bandise ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwanda kwamandla, i-Graphite electrode eShayina kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019 ibonise ukuthambekela kokukhula okuphezulu.
Okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo, yi-eatmeat ephezulu, ama-noodle aphansi.
Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali ngokweqile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-graphite electrode embonini, okuholele ekutheni kube nesitoko esiningi kakhulu emakethe, kwavula isiteshi esiphansi semboni, ukusulwa kwempahla sekuyinto eyinhloko. Ngo-2020, umkhiqizo ophelele we-graphite electrode yomhlaba wonke wehle ngamathani angu-340,000, wehla wafinyelela ku-22%, umkhiqizo waseShayina we-graphite electrode nawo wehle kusuka kumathani angu-800,000 waya kumathani angu-730,000, umkhiqizo wangempela walo nyaka kulindeleke ukuthi wehle kuphela.
Ngobusuku obubodwa ngaphambi kwenkululeko.
Amandla okukhiqiza awakhuphuki, akukho mali (inani eliphansi), amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ayakhuphuka. I-petroleum coke, i-needle coke muva nje ikhuphuke ngama-yuan angu-300-600/ton ngesonto. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okuthathu kushiya abadlali be-graphite nenketho eyodwa kuphela, okuwukukhuphula amanani. Imikhiqizo ye-electrode ye-graphite emithathu ejwayelekile, enamandla aphezulu, enamandla aphezulu kakhulu inyuse intengo. Ngokusho kombiko we-Baichuan Yingfu, noma ngabe intengo ikhuphuka, imakethe ye-electrode ye-graphite yaseShayina isantuleka, abanye abakhiqizi cishe abanayo inqolobane ye-electrode ye-graphite, izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
3. Ukuguqulwa kwensimbi, isikhala sokucabanga esivulekile se-graphite electrode
Uma imikhawulo yokukhiqiza, izindleko ezikhuphukayo kanye nokungasebenzisi inzuzo kuyizinto ezibangela ukwenyuka kwentengo yama-electrode e-graphite ngemva kokuba umjikelezo usuphelile, ukuguqulwa kwemboni yensimbi kuvula umcabango wokwenyuka kwentengo yama-electrode e-graphite aphezulu esikhathini esizayo.
Njengamanje, cishe u-90% womkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe wasekhaya uvela ekwenzeni insimbi ye-blast furnace (i-coke), enokukhishwa okukhulu kwekhabhoni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngezidingo zikazwelonke zokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ensimbi, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni, abanye abakhiqizi bensimbi bashintshele ekubeni yi-blast furnace bayisa ku-electric arc furnace. Izinqubomgomo ezifanele ezethulwe ngonyaka odlule ziphinde zaveza ukuthi umkhiqizo wensimbi we-electric arc furnace ungaphezu kuka-15% womkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe, futhi balwela ukufeza u-20%. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngoba i-graphite electrode ibaluleke kakhulu ku-electric arc furnace, iphinde ithuthukise ngokungaqondile izidingo zekhwalithi ye-graphite electrode.
Akusikho ngaphandle kwesizathu ukuthi isilinganiso sensimbi ye-EAF kufanele sithuthukiswe. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, iphesenti lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-arc furnace yomhlaba wonke lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi eluhlaza lifinyelele ku-25.2%, i-United States, i-European Union amazwe angu-27 ayengu-62.7%, angu-39.4%, izwe lethu kule ndawo yentuthuko linendawo enkulu, ukuze kukhuliswe isidingo se-graphite electrode.
Ngakho-ke, kungalinganiselwa kalula ukuthi uma umkhiqizo wensimbi ye-EAF ubiza cishe u-20% womkhiqizo ophelele wensimbi engahluziwe ngo-2025, futhi umkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe ubalwa ngokwezigidi ezingama-800 zamathani ngonyaka, isidingo se-graphite electrode saseShayina ngo-2025 singamathani angaba ngu-750,000. UFrost Sullivan ubikezela ukuthi okungenani ikota yesine yalo nyaka isenendawo yokusebenza.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-electrode ye-graphite iphakama ngokushesha, konke kuncike ebhandeni lesithando sikagesi se-arc.
4. Ukufingqa
Ekuphetheni, i-graphite electrode inezakhiwo eziqinile zesikhathi esithile, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwayo zilula kakhulu, okuthonywa kakhulu yimboni yensimbi engezansi. Ngemva kokuvuselelwa kabusha kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019, yehla ngonyaka odlule. Kulo nyaka, ngaphansi komkhawulo wokukhiqiza, inzuzo ephansi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, intengo ye-graphite electrode yehla futhi izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngezidingo zokuguqulwa okuluhlaza kanye nokunekhabhoni ephansi embonini yensimbi nensimbi, insimbi ye-EAF izoba yisisusa esibalulekile sokuqhuba ukwanda kwesidingo se-graphite electrode, kodwa ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kuzoba inqubo ende. Ukwenyuka kwamanani ama-graphite electrode kungase kungabi lula kangako.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-08-2021